Mining laboratory resources , to improve the utilization of laboratory equipment

 搞好實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)是各個(gè)方面增長(zhǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)修養(yǎng)的關(guān)緊路徑，也是利用和研發(fā)課程資源的表達(dá)。怎樣更好地研發(fā)和利用實(shí)驗(yàn)資源呢？作者接合自個(gè)兒實(shí)際教學(xué)略談三點(diǎn)，期望老師們提出意見(jiàn)。 

        Laboratory experiments to increase the number of students .

開(kāi)鑿實(shí)驗(yàn)室資源，增長(zhǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)器具材料的利用率

        To fully develop and utilize the rich curriculum resources 

開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室，增加學(xué)生實(shí)驗(yàn)回?cái)?shù)。

laboratory , closed-end management must change the state of the laboratory , through the establishment of open laboratory experimental apparatus to encourage students to take the initiative of various investigations . Explore the topic can be derived from textbooks or extracurricular exercises, according to the subject guess the assumption plan , choose equipment, experiment , analysis and demonstration , evaluation exchanges allow students the freedom to explore . This event breakthrough teaching students to explore the difficulties and improve the ability of great benefit.

要充分地研發(fā)和利用實(shí)驗(yàn)室的浩博課程資源，務(wù)必變更實(shí)驗(yàn)室的閉合式管理狀況，經(jīng)過(guò)樹(shù)立開(kāi)放性實(shí)驗(yàn)室激勵(lì)學(xué)生主動(dòng)利用實(shí)驗(yàn)攝譜儀施行各種探索追究活動(dòng)。探索追究標(biāo)題可出處于教材或課外習(xí)題，依據(jù)標(biāo)題猜測(cè)如果、制決定劃、挑選器具材料、施行實(shí)驗(yàn)、剖析論證、評(píng)估交流，讓學(xué)生自由探索追究。這一活動(dòng)對(duì)打破教學(xué)不容易解決的地方和增長(zhǎng)學(xué)生探索追究有經(jīng)驗(yàn)大有益處。

        Development of experimental equipment, and strive to achieve a multi-purpose .

        How can we make full use of the existing experimental laboratory equipment , laboratory equipment to allow more cost-effective , which is a new task for the new curriculum proposed experimental teacher . In education , we use our brains , constantly trying to be a combination of laboratory equipment or development , can make a more experimental equipment to complete the inquiry . For example : test tubes, we can give full play to the role of education and teaching in vitro , using a test tube to explore tonal problems. Mouth in front of an empty tube to blow , let it sound , and then add some water in a test tube , and then blow against the mouth of the tube , to allow students to experience the sound is different, so to feel the tone ; studying atmospheric pressure , they can do "Size test tube" experiments ( Figure 1 ) , so that students understand the atmospheric presence . In studying buoyancy , they can make use of tubes drifting sub ( Figure 2 ) demonstrates floating , suspended , sinking. You can also make a submarine submarine model demonstrates the principle ( Figure 3 ) ; Another example : laser pointer and mirror is used to reflect the light of the law of inquiry , we can also use it to change the function of light propagation path will be a slight deformation occurs Desktop amplification ( Fig. 4 ) , so that students see more clearly . The above example illustrates the fact if we use our brains to think, make full use of experimental equipment , the development of more experimental , so experimental equipment can play a greater role .

Mining living resources , the physical experience of life everywhere

        Experiment with their bodies .

        The body is the student 's own physical experiment resources , everyone has and is not affected by time, place , and anytime you can . Better to deepen understanding through personal experience what they have learned . For example: In the study of sound produced when the conditions that allow students to feel the vibration of the vocal cords during phonation own hands ; leverage in learning application that allows students to use a dictionary in hand , feel effortless lever province distance ; friction when the study allow students hands heart relatively , feel the presence of his hands sliding friction . By increasing the pressure of his hands , feeling the change in friction ; within the object can change when you learn to do work that allows students to rub his hands rubbing each other , experience temperature changes ; learning the relationship between gas pressure and volume , so that students understand the inspiratory and expiratory volume change and so on. Experimental simple and deepen the impression , do both.

 With life , school supplies do experiments.

        Experiment with everyday appliances , simple , intuitive, single principle , help to improve students' practical skills and innovation. In actual teaching I strive to pots and pans when the instrument , patchwork experiment . Experiment with household items such as : Reason sound produced by Fanpen studies ; relationship with a ruler to do experiments illustrate the tone and length of the stringed instrument ; research with a plastic ruler triboelectric ; sound insulation performance of the watch alarm function of the materials used ; with art Lesson study mixed with pigment pigments ; pinhole imaging studies with cans ; small steel spoon with imaging studies law convex and concave ; with basketball , soccer, ping-pong , study solar and lunar eclipses ; research convex glass cups converging action and inertia ; concave glasses imaging studies ; refraction of light plastic ruler observation ; musical composition circuit card research and so on. Again experiment with school supplies : Learning what factors related to fluid pressure , you can allow students to take two white experiment ; can use a small piece of paper and a pen cap to do experiments to learn inertia ; learning pressure effect , you can use pencil sharpened at both ends against the hand to feel the different effects of different sizes ; learning sliding friction and rolling friction , you can use the following to pull a few pencil on stationery stationery experience under the same conditions of rolling friction is less than sliding friction and so on.

       Activities carried out Zizhijiaoju foster innovation ability of teachers and students

        The new curriculum standards of experimental , explore, practice a higher , newer requirements . School laboratory equipment configuration identical, uniform, is not conducive to individualized teaching teachers , and personality development of students have been greatly restricted. So I'm with students, team work, vigorously carry out Zizhijiaoju activities. For example : Research Archimedes experiments needed to perform experiments with overflow cup , but the overflow cup small number of laboratories , experimental group the likelihood is extremely small so that the overflow cup made ??my student mobilization . Students got gas cans mouth , make great practical value overflow cup , not only to solve the problem and improve students' ability . Another example : in the study of electromagnetic relays, did not arrange any corresponding experimental textbooks, students analyze and accepting a certain degree of difficulty. To this end , I guide students in the use of waste QiHuiQi bimetal ( heat bent ) , red and green light-emitting diodes, electromagnetic relays, power meter an automatic fire alarm system to demonstrate the operation of the electromagnetic relay circuit ( circuit shown in Figure 5 ) . After finished , put the devices were placed in each class classroom lessons so that students themselves under observation, experiment , greatly stimulate students' enthusiasm , but producers have a sense of accomplishment . This initiative has attracted wide students of all ages.

Some textbook by experimental device to operate on the textbook difficult to complete , and students together so I study how to improve the experimental device, the design of new teaching aids , the successful completion of the experiment . Such as: experiment " with which to explore factors related to the size of friction " is the focus of teaching junior high school physics experiment that the vast majority of teachers take teaching speaking experimentally , because the experiment requires uniform pulling spring dynamometer , only such objects only in the horizontal direction by the imbalance force , friction force equal to the tension before the actual operation is difficult to achieve uniform pulling , the likelihood of success is very small.