留學生物流管理essay代寫：How to achieve Wal-Mart's distribution rationalization

Wal-Mart's logistics rationalization:
Wal-Mart is the world's largest commercial retail enterprise in the process of logistics operations, reduce costs as much as possible of its business philosophy, is well-known enterprises of the nation's retail business sales revenue in first place, known for precise control of the market, rapid transfer of goods and best meet customer needs known. Is able to obtain such a brilliant performance, an extremely important factor is that Wal-Mart has its own huge logistics and distribution system, and implemented a strict and effective logistics management system. This ensures that the maximum competitive advantage, efficiency and scale of costs to ensure the company successfully expanded.

Wal-Mart's logistics and distribution issues
Wal-Mart's centralized distribution center is quite large, and are located on the first floor. The reason why the distribution center on the first floor products can scroll from one door to another door, because Wal-Mart. If the elevator or other objects, it will hinder the flow process. Therefore, Wal-Mart is a very large surface buildings as a distribution center. Wal-Mart to use belts, so that these products can be very effective flow and its processing does not need to be repeated, are one-off. Using conveyor belts, use the form of seamless connectivity, you can minimize the cost. All of Wal-Mart's systems are based on a Unix distribution system, and the conveyor belt, using a very large open platform, product code, and automatic replacement system and laser identification system, all of these increases with Wal-Mart to save a considerable amount of cost.

(A) of the distribution functions of the Centre
1 transporter. Wal-Mart to focus on the goods carried by the large distribution center and transshipment and distribution process is called transshipment complete and out of jobs, most of the day.
(2) to provide value-added services. Wal-Mart distribution center also provides value-added services, such as in front of the clothing sales, you need to add custom label, detailed in order not to damage the quality of the product, the order for the labels in distribution centers using manual operation.
(3) transfers of goods surplus and deficiency, has added automatically. Merchandise inventory, such as soft drinks, diapers, and so on. Wal-Mart's distribution center can do this every day or every week, they automatically fill into the stable inventory increase or decrease. These distribution centers can maintain 8000 kinds of products transshipment and distribution.
(4) order picking. Wal-Mart distribution center in the order processing for the new mall opened, to take such an approach: before the opening of these new shopping centers, Wal-Mart last inspection of these products, and then transported to these new shopping centers, Wal-Mart call it the new mall opened in order picking.#p#分頁標題#e#

(B) the characteristics of the Wal-Mart's distribution system
Wal-Mart as the nation's retail sales revenue among the first well-known enterprises, factors to accurately grasp the market, the rapid transfer of goods and best meet customer needs known, and Wal-Mart has a huge logistics distribution system and implementation of a strict and effective eddy current distribution management system relevant, because it ensures that the maximum advantage of the efficiency and scale of costs, but also to ensure the company's successful expansion.

(C) Wal-Mart modern logistics system
1, the establishment and efficient operation of distribution centers
    From the beginning of the establishment of Wal-Mart discount department stores, Wal-Mart realized that effective commodity distribution is to ensure the company to achieve maximum sales and minimum cost, inventory turnover and the cost of the core. The only enables companies to obtain reliable assurance of supply and improve the efficiency of the way to establish their own distribution organizations, including the delivery fleet and warehouse distribution center benefits not only the company can purchase a large number, and concentrated by requiring suppliers of goods sent to distribution center, and then by the company receiving, inspection, distribution, and delivery.

2, the use of advanced distribution operations.
    Wal-Mart in the distribution operation, commodities are usually served by rail to distribution centers, stores served by the company truck. Receive 1-3 truck cargo per store per week, 60 percent of the trucks in batches purchased from suppliers along the way to return to the distribution center, this centralized distribution for the company saves a lot of money.

3, operation and management of distribution center automation
    Wal-Mart distribution center run entirely automated. Each commodity has a bar code, tens of kilometers long conveyor belt transport of goods, laser scanners and computers to track the storage location and delivery status of each item a day, 200 000 boxes of goods distribution.

(4), with a sound distribution organization
    Wal-Mart in order to better distribution of work, great attention from their own business and distribution organization to be improved. One important initiative is the company established its own fleet of cargo delivery in order to maintain flexibility and to provide the best service for the first store. This Wal-Mart enjoys a significant competitive advantage, its transportation costs are always lower than competitors.

(D) Wal-Mart's logistics and distribution system operation
One, pay attention to form partnerships with third-party logistics company
    In the United States, Wal-Mart to do their own logistics and distribution, has its own trucking fleet, logistics and logistics team. But in other places on the international Wal-Mart can only resort to specialized logistics service providers, speeding is one of them. Speeding is a specialized logistics services company, and elsewhere in the world to provide logistics support for Wal-Mart. Speeding has become a Wal-Mart, the big family of one and one hundred percent dedicated to the cause of Wal-Mart, speeding is a cooperative partnership with Wal-Mart, their common goal is to strive to do our best.#p#分頁標題#e#

2, the challenge "seamless point-to-point logistics system
    To provide customers with fast service. In logistics, Wal-Mart as much as possible to reduce costs. To do this, Wal-Mart has made a number of challenges for themselves. One of the challenge is to create a seamless point-to-point logistics system, to shops and customers to provide the most rapid service. Such a "seamless" means that the entire supply chain to achieve a very smooth link.

(3), automatic supplement delivery system
    Wal-Mart has been able to success, there is a very important reason is because Wal-Mart have an automatic supplement delivery system. Each store has such a system, including stores in China. It makes Wal-Mart can know at any one point in time, a store, the number of goods, the number of goods during transport, the number of distribution centers. Complement the delivery system so that Wal-Mart can understand that certain types of goods sold last year, sold, and can predict future sales.

(4), retail link system
    Wal-Mart is a very effective system, called Retail Link system allows the supplier to go directly to the Wal-Mart's system. Any one supplier can enter the retail link systems to understand their products to sell how well, yesterday, today and last week, last month and last year sold how well you can know that the goods sold, and can within 24 hours to update. Supplier can be in every Wal-Mart store which kept informed of the situation

Wal-Mart's logistics and distribution center
    Logistics and distribution center in the Wal-Mart's logistics operation has played an important role, it is a bridge and link to connect suppliers and customers. Supplier directly to the goods to the distribution center, sent directly from the distribution center to each chain. In logistics run, Wal-Mart has always been the importance of ensuring that the chains of the goods and invoice on the varieties and specifications are exactly the same. To ensure that the suppliers and the chain of supply and demand synchronization, Wal-Mart and suppliers of computer systems networked, shared the information on all aspects of the demand for commodities, inventory, and manufacturing. For each chain, the sharing of information more stable, reliable and efficient supply of goods. In a sense, Wal-Mart's growth and development of the course is to further promote the process of a logistics and electronic, of which the most representative initiatives include the following four aspects.

(A) take the lead in the application of electronic data exchange with suppliers to share logistics information
    Back in the early 1980s, Wal-Mart began to take the lead in the retail industry's electronic data exchange technology and suppliers to share logistics information with suppliers to establish an automatic ordering system, and provide business to suppliers via EDI network system, The document, issued by the procurement directives, obtain a receipt and shipment list, but also allow suppliers to timely and accurate grasp of the sales of its products. Electronic data interchange technology allows to achieve a paperless order processing, improve the accuracy of the automatic replenishment system, and store product information can be directly sent to the headquarters, reducing the occurrence of the information distortions, help The top leadership to make the right decisions.#p#分頁標題#e#

(B) the use of satellite monitoring of the operation of the logistics activities
    Wal-Mart is the world's first launch logistics and communications satellites, dedicated to the global store of information delivery and transport vehicles, location and contact. The completion of this system, making Wal-Mart headquarters, distribution centers and stores can be achieved between the two-way voice and data transmission, all the world Wal-Mart real-time contact with the headquarters through their own terminals. With this system, Wal-Mart for every sale of a commodity will be immediately connected with the cash registers computer records down, the company headquarters every day to know the actual sales. More importantly, the satellite communication network system so that Wal-Mart's distribution system becomes almost perfect.

(C) construction of a high level of data center management, logistics operations
    Wal-Mart has established a very large scale business processing capabilities are very powerful data center. With this system, Wal-Mart has all the shops, distribution centers every day all business-related purchase and sale of tune kept detailed information through the backbone network and communications satellite transmission to the data center. The value created by Wal-Mart's data center to improve the management and operation of logistics, reduce inventory costs, improve operational efficiency is enormous. Wal-Mart's data center to Wal-Mart's suppliers to bring the actual value of the same can not be underestimated.

(D) vigorously promote the RFD technology, and lead the logistics of electronic New Wave
    Although the application of bar code technology in the Wal-Mart's logistics management, and commercial operation is already very mature, but because these often only record the bar code to the goods simple, effective date, as well as single item attribute information can not be recorded or recorded single item of information can not be managed, so will inevitably lead to such foods because of undetected usual sales phenomenon. RFD technology can completely change this phenomenon, In addition, Wal-Mart on the RFD technology to save labor costs, improve the efficiency of logistics business processes, enhance the ability of commercial data acquisition and processing have high expectations, so from 2003 began resolutely to advance the RFD technology.

Wal-Mart's logistics management information system
    In the 1970s, Wal-Mart to establish a logistics management information systems, responsible for handling the system report. In the early 1980s, cooperation with Hughes launch logistics Telstar. 1983 POS, the full name of the Point Of Sale, Point Data Systems is the sales start. 1985, EDI, electronic data interchange system, paperless, all information on the computer operation. 1986 when it established the QR, called a rapid response mechanism, stimulating demand on the market quickly. This allows Wal-Mart, the world's first 24 hours of the Group's internal computer logistics network monitoring, purchasing inventory, ordering, distribution and sales integration.#p#分頁標題#e#

(A) the overall structure of the logistics system
    Wal-Mart headquarters in computers and various shipping centers and various branches of computer connection, the store cashier laser scanner bar code input into the computer for each piece of cargo will be by computer classification statistics when a goods inventory reduced to a certain number, the computer will send a signal to remind the stores in a timely manner to the headquarters for purchase. headquarters arrangements for supply, sent from the shops, a distribution center, distribution center computer to arrange to send the time and route. so, to the receipt of goods from the store to place an order and the goods put on the shelf-life, a set of work is completed as long as 36 hours. This ensures that it remains efficient at the same time has a huge scale.

(B) local system
1, Point of sale data system
    Wal-Mart's POS system consists of two major front POS systems and back-office MIS systems. Goods sales process at any one time, the commodities business decision-makers through the MIS to understand and master the operation of the POS system to realize the dynamic management of the inventory of goods in stores, so that the storage of goods kept at a reasonable level. to reduce inventory. POS processes is relatively standardized, retailers of goods sold, the sale of goods bar code after the reading of bar code readers, automatic input into the computer and cash registers, computer background on the name, price and other data items from the database that immediately apparent on the cash register, and then through the network to the Corporation, for the management of allocation of the type and quantity of sales of goods order data to the logistics and distribution centers, logistics distribution center to retail outlets for timely and accurate replenishment.

2, electronic ordering system automatically
    EOS so that the wholesale stores, retail stores will be required for ordering data entered into the computer and communications networks through computer data and information sent to the Company, business unit, supplier or manufacturer, once the order is confirmed logistics center (storage centers) according to the headquarters of the notification, put the delivery of goods to the stores of each order.

3, rapid response and on-line system
    The use of bar code scanning and satellite communications systems, product sales, transportation and ordering information exchange with suppliers daily, including product specifications, style, color, place orders, production to deliver goods to the stores, the fastest not even more than 10 days. Shorten the cycle of order processing, settlement of the Wal-Mart to sell products to end customers very quickly, the logistics information linked to improved quality and efficiency of the Wal-Mart's supply chain, as well as Wal-Mart's customers creating a tremendous value.

4, effective customer feedback system#p#分頁標題#e#
    Guide replenishment by the customer to the manufacturer's production line and the retailer's checkout platform to link up through the EDI system for automatic continuous replenishment demand, reduce ordering costs play an important role in the logistics and distribution. Effective customer feedback system of information flow in the supply chain nodes are bi-directional exchange of information and goods faster, more efficient, more reliable, but also to increase the efficiency of the entire supply chain, reduce logistics costs at the same time, enabling customers to have more choice of high quality, fresh goods the opportunity to greatly improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.

5, rapid response system
    The delivery format of the POS data, POS data sent to the supplier via EDI system, the supplier is based on these data, to keep abreast of the sales of goods, and grasp the trend of demand for commodities, and adjusting the production planning and material procurement plan. Wal-Mart in the receipt, scanning reader directly read on the box of goods logistics barcode scan-read information and pre-stored on your computer's purchase list to be checked to determine whether the arrival and delivery list and do only match a single consistent with its goods, simplify test operations. The same time, more able to quickly know the inventory of goods, so that not only made Wal-Mart saves a lot of transactional operating costs, but also reduce inventory, improve merchandise turnover rate. Meanwhile, Wal-retail purchase of goods and inventory management functions transferred to the supplier manufacturers, suppliers to manage and control the flow of inventory in Wal-Mart.

6, automatic replenishment system
    Between suppliers and retailers in the open environment of information systems, adoption of the report of the inventory, sales forecasting reports and purchase orders packets the latest data on commercial information is exchanged in real time, making the supplier ordered the mission to turn from the simple implementation of retailers initiative for retailers to share the responsibility to replenish stocks, to supplement the point of sale or storage of goods, inventory at maximum efficiency. To participate in all the nodes on the corporate side (supply chain) must be used with a common coding system to identify the products, services and location, these codes only solution is to ensure the implementation of automatic replenishment system, data via EDI in the supply smooth flow in the chain. Bar code technology is the set of solutions center basis. Application of automatic replenishment system, effectively reduce the inventory of the stores, improve the quality of service of the stores, not only reduces the cost of logistics, inventory velocity, improve the economic efficiency of Wal-Mart's supply chain and operating efficiency, stability, customer loyalty.

From the Wal-Mart's logistics system cost
    Competitors a few days delivery time, Wal-Mart distribution center to ensure delivery once a day for each stores as much as possible to avoid out of stock or sold out the occurrence, but also to reduce the delivery cycle excessively first delivery to the emergence of excessive overstock situation. Wal-Mart's distribution costs account for only less than 3% of merchandise sales, compared with 4.5% to 5% of the cost ratio competitors advantages are clear. In short, behind Wal-Mart made a fabulous rapid development plays an essential supporting role in its carefully crafted modern logistics operation system. Wal-Mart take full advantage of modern information and communication technology to build up electronic logistics management systems, not only a cost advantage to win the Wal-Mart, and more importantly, Wal-Mart has deepened the needs of the customer information through the system to understand and supply situation of the supplier, the closer the relationship between suppliers and customers, improve the response capacity to cope with the speed of response of the market and meet customer needs, and thus earned the continuing and growing competitive advantage. of its competitors far behind.#p#分頁標題#e#

(A) to strengthen the construction of distribution centers
    Wal-Mart as the biggest winner in the chain, distribution center, centralized distribution and perfect interpretation of the essence of the chain operation. More than 85 percent of Wal-Mart's goods are centralized distribution, and the general chain of only 50% of goods is to focus on delivery; Wal-Mart's distribution costs account for 2 percent of sales, 50 percent of the competitors, centralized distribution Wal-Mart won a competitive advantage.

1, the establishment of a central procurement system
    The chain of success are all controlled from the source of procurement costs, the most important measure is the centralized purchasing. Supermarket chains in China, the proportion of harmonization of procurement and purchase is usually only 30% - 60%. Most between the headquarters and its branches as well as between the various branches, the lack of inherent economic ties, is still the traditional single-store purchases and purchase as the main way, which have not been able to obtain favorable purchase price due to the large-scale procurement, sales no competitive advantage on price at all, in a very disadvantageous position in the competition. Therefore, it is imperative as soon as possible to establish their own central procurement system, creating the company's core competitiveness, and thereby achieve economies of scale.

2, the use of large-scale distribution system
    According to the survey, the majority of our chain operator, the number of shops and annual sales amounted to less than the internationally recognized chain profitability of the business points. No large-scale retail enterprises, there is no large-scale distribution system, along with the increased cost of goods purchased and logistics costs increased. Retail chain management and other emerging mode of operation, the intention is to use its large-scale operation to reduce purchase costs and logistics costs. Therefore, the establishment of large-scale retail businesses and a corresponding scale of the distribution system, is the only way to supermarket chains in China business development and growth.

(B) to establish a smooth and efficient management information system
    Logistics distribution center as the link of the contact suppliers and vendors, order processing, warehouse management, distribution processing, inspection, distribution and other functions, is an important node in the flow of the process. Smooth and efficient information systems, logistics and distribution centers of supermarket chain fast-running support and protection is the key role of logistics and distribution center.

1, extended the use of information technology
    80 percent of China's large and medium-sized chains are used to varying degrees, computer management, but the proportion of retail enterprises in China IT investment share of total retail sales of less than 0.2%, while international retail giants are more than 2%; the extent of technology application point of view, the lower the degree of China's chain industry information, not only sales, management, finance, customer relationship management and data mining application behind foreign companies, and lack of market, capital flow, logistics and overall control capacity. This shows that our chain strategy is far from perfect, and have yet to increase investment.#p#分頁標題#e#

2, to strengthen the strategic cooperation with suppliers
    Suppliers of Wal-Mart's distribution system through a computer directly to the supply of commodity circulation status information, including Availability and deployment status of the goods at Wal-Mart warehouse, sales forecasts, as well as shops, merchandise sales statistics and so on. Providers can also access through the system Wal-Mart's marketing plan, so that they can as production, supply and delivery basis.

    This model completely changed the relationship between suppliers and retailers in the traditional sense, suppliers and retailers closely linked to the interdependence of the overall. Therefore, in order to better improve the logistics efficiency, the supermarket chain, logistics and distribution center management is no longer confined to the internal management of the enterprise, but extends to the entire supply chain.

3, control the entire process of the movement of goods
    Wal-Mart's logistics is the entire process smooth, efficient convergence of the key is the bar code. Wal-Mart each commodity has a bar code, enter the distribution center, the center will be able to track each item from the merchandise storage location and transportation. The use of bar code so that the computer can easily tracking and control of goods flow from stock to stock, picking, shipping, shelves, and sold the whole process. Wal-Mart trucks are all equipped with satellite positioning systems. Improve the logistics information system to reach a rapid and direct communication between corporate headquarters and stores and distribution centers. At present, the bar code technology in the retail industry in China has been widely adopted. However, most retail businesses use bar code is mainly used in vending system, has not yet reached the stage to control the movement of goods throughout the

(4) to provide consumers with added value
    Consumers can check online to Wal-Mart's every kind of product, from the customer point of sale and inventory status. Therefore, consumers can buy at the nearest Wal-Mart stores to the goods they need, at the same time information system so that the goods reach the hands of consumers, the logistics cost is the smallest. This departure from the interests of consumers, to ensure that the interests of consumers for the purpose of IT to the very high returns in Wal-Mart.
(5) expansion of the functions of the management information system
Advanced information systems will enable companies to optimize cost management, efficiency of logistics operations. China tend to focus on the infrastructure of the logistics system order processing activities, this one-sided system, the system weakened to some extent, the competitiveness of enterprises, the enterprises must be extended to other functions, such as requirements analysis, decision-making management, information flow, thereby reducing management costs and improve decision-making efficiency.#p#分頁標題#e#

Summary
    Wal-Mart's secret of success is: the investment in management information systems to strengthen the company's core values. Wal-Mart through a series of information technology investment, real-time management on the spot and cash flows, its goal is to speed up the turnover rate of the commodity, reducing inventory loss, thereby increasing profits. Although information technology is not Wal-Mart to obtain a sufficient condition for success, but it is a necessary condition for Wal-Mart's success. With the rapid development of online information industry, China's supermarkets business should be based on their actual situation, and with Wal-Mart's successful experience, timely introduction of advanced IT. Information management with logistics and distribution center, and build powerful data processing systems and management center, improve the supply of goods, business logistics and overall control system and the retail terminal system. Chain management of information technology can not only solve the problem of cost management to achieve the goal of cost control, reduce operating costs, and marketing management, financial management, inventory management, etc. into the unified standardized management, and ultimately enhance the business-to-market changes agile response capability and core competitiveness.