新聞學essay范文
What Knowledge and skills does a student journalist require to succeed in 21st Century Journalism?

在21世紀新聞工作中，一名學生記者需要什么知識和技能去獲得成功？

 

21世紀帶來了一個新的前線記者阿森納的新聞采集和技能。如改善通信包括世界的新脊柱，互聯網。隨著技術的進步，它拓寬了記者們的潛在能力和廣播輸出。

 

互聯網正在迅速成為記者的主要工具，被運用到快速的新聞采集工作，并且以最小的努力來更廣泛得到觀眾的信賴。例如，像Facebook 以及Twitter這些社交網站已經非常地受歡迎。英國新聞界建議維護一個Twitter 或者Facebook 賬戶以便得到允許去觀賞名人的文章。這是馬特盧卡斯(英國,流星)的前男友上吊自殺,并在Facebook 上留下了他的絕命書。

  

新聞業內部探索技術造成的快速變化；與報社、雜志社和廣播公司相比，在最近的10年或20年前，記者的工作環境幾乎難以辨認。新聞業已經形成了科技的發展，因此必須適應它帶來的劇烈變化。隨著廣泛和簡單的范圍內的可訪問性，互聯網已經使所有這一切成為可能，它為現代新聞鋪設了道路。全國新聞工作者訓練委員會宣布推出修訂大綱，允許潛在記者所需的技能在“21世紀新聞編輯室”獲得成功。改進后的新課程包括在線新聞的新課程和改進的“授權培訓中心”授權規則，授權課程有一個集成的方法來教學…這反映了媒體融合的發展。全國新聞工作者訓練委員會發布的評論表示新大綱：我們所說的是無論你在[新聞]的哪門學科中，這些技術是你成功所需要具備的。學生們想要它們，因為這使得他們非常搶手。我們強烈建議[學院]供新媒體培訓。 - NCTJ.

 

The 21st Century brings a new frontier to the Journalists arsenal in news gathering and skills. Such as improved communications including the new spine of the world, the internet. As technology advances it broadens the Journalist's potential source and broadcasting output.

 

The internet is fast becoming the Journalists main tool for fast news gathering and a wider audience with minimal effort. For example; social networking sites such as Facebook or Twitter have become extremely popular and Journalism.co.uk recommends maintaining a Twitter or Facebook account to allow a vision on the posts that Celebrities make. This was the case when Matt Lucas (Little Britain, Shooting Stars) Ex boyfriend hanged himself and left his suicide note on Facebook 

 

Inside Journalism has explored the rapid changes that technology has inflicted; the working environment for a journalist is barely recognisable when compared with newspaper, magazine and broadcast offices as recently as 10 or 20 years ago. Journalism has followed the shape that the evolution of technology has inflicted, and must therefore adapt with the drastic change it has brought. The internet has made all of this possible, with a wide and easy range of accessibility, the internet paths the way for modern journalism. The NCTJ has announced a launched, revised syllabus to allow potential Journalists the skills needed to succeed in a "21st-century newsroom". The new improved course includes a new course in online journalism and improved rules for accrediting training centres, designed to "accredit courses where there is an integrated approach to teaching... that reflects developments in media convergence". The NCTJ released this comment that signifies the new syllabus:

 

"What we are saying is these are the skills you need to succeed whatever discipline [of journalism] you are in. And students want them because it makes them highly marketable. We would strongly recommend that [colleges] offer new media training." - NCTJ. 

 

Shorthand remains present as the cornerstone of Journalism that can never fall behind despite a radical technological advance. Tee line shorthand was developed in the 1960's by its inventor James Hill, who, faced with the problem of training journalists to write at high speeds in the shortest time possible, applied method-study techniques to normal handwriting. As he said 'if you can write, you can write tee line. Sadly he died in 1971 leaving a widow and son to keep his work alive. Teeline incorporates speed as its main focus, its flexibility makes it appealing to journalists as it can be mastered quickly and speed can be improved quickly. Shorthand is reliable as technology is prone to malfunction and can be banned from certain environments or poses and intimidating offensive to an interviewee. Shorthand is deemed an appropriate form of evidence because of the speed it is transcribed makes it impossible for fabrication.

 

Creativity is the heart of Journalism. The 21st century Journalist must be prepared to explore new frontiers in the realms of Journalism. John Singleton's perception of creativity in the Journalistic sense is all about finding the 'angle'. Under the chapter Journalistic Writing; the angle is broken down into four simple steps;

 

The publication your article is intended for.

Readership.

The Purpose of the article.

Your relationship to the article.

The advancements the 21st Century has brought Journalism in the electronic and computer technology, the communications and the speed of which news can travel the world has produced a highly sophisticated network that allows the modern press to monitor the glob 24 hours a day and produce a story in minutes. However fast the advancement, it does not spell an end to television or print Journalism, it just broadens the journalists spectrum. Newspapers continue their role as traditional news source that will play a diminished but equally important role in the delivery of news.

 

Modern Journalists have to be very aware of how fragile their career can be if it collides with the law. But in the United Kingdom; there are a certain amount of laws that can protect the broadcaster's creativity or message, defamatory or not. The most common defence used by journalists is "Fair Comment", this defence has been used as such cases as Keay's V Guardian Newspapers (2003) in which the jury decided that what the Guardian had published were articulations about her motives. As they Guardian could not know what Miss Sarah Keay's was thinking, the article was labelled fair comment.

 

There are a wide range of skills that the journalist must master in order to remain on top of such a competitive environment. The journalist has no room for error as their comment is broadcasted and open to scrutiny from all angles; from language error to miss-interpretation of law. All the above mentioned skills have all evolved throughout the age of journalism and continue to be taught and passed on to the new students of journalism who must understand the importance and relevance to their chosen career and the responsibilities they must undertake in order to strive in the professional journalism environment.

 

In conclusion, the changes brought to Journalism by the 21st Century are largely thanks to the Internet and improved communications that has not only lead to better accessibility for a wider audience, but also new methods of delivering news. From the Podcast to the internet blog the audience can now select their preferred method of monitoring the news. The NCTJ has recognised the adaptation inflicted by the development made in technology and has altered its course in order to address the changes. In order for the student journalist to succeed in 21st Century Journalism as to be able to adapt to the changes brought by developments in technology and communication.