dissertation題目： 英國瓦特大學物流學碩士畢業dissertationVehicle utilization improvement:A case study at APL Logistics (China) Ltd
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 英國瓦特大學物流學碩士畢業dissertationVehicle utilization improvement:A case study at APL Logistics (China) Ltd
 

ABSTRACT

This dissertation is designed to include 5 chapters. Every chapter has its content as below explained. In Chapter 1, the research introduction, importance and APL Logistics (China) company’s background are stated. Meanwhile, the problems from APLL China are defined, the research aim, objectives, questions and scopes are given. In Chapter 2, literature review is structured and deeply discussed in order that the researcher can find the research gaps and position this research works. In Chapter 3, the researcher tries to explain this research methodology, tell the readers how do data to be collected, what types of approach are used and how to analyze data. In Chapter 4, the researcher will report the findings and analysis process. And then discusses the findings and literature review, and look back to research objectives and questions and check if this research reaches the overall aims. In Chapter 5, conclusion and recommendation: discussion on the limitation of this research,  and future research direction.
From the above analysis, we can reach the conclusions: Firstly, the vehicle utilization of APLL (China) is not very good enough to adapt to the market development, its VFP is low, VRP is dominant and has higher rate of empty-run for vehicles. Secondly, in order to measure the vehicle utilization, the author propopses and summarizes the measuring criteria, such as VFP, VRP, empty-run rate and so on. These measurement can fully reflect APLL vehicle utilization, but there are still other opportunity to improve, such as selection of vehicle and vehicle dispatch, and so on. As for running cost of APLL(China) own account vehicles, it is consist of oil comsuptions, toll fees, road toll, maintanence fees of vehicles, employee salaries, and so on. In summary of APLL (China), there is no competitive advantage comparing with competitors market prices. So it is urgent for it to improve vehicle utilization to improve economic profits. The scope of this project research is only limited at the own account vehicles in APLL China, only focus on three cities of Beijing, Hangzhou and Shanghai, where account for about 60% own vehicles of APLL China and emphasize on the key account customers, which account for above 90% running costs of own vehicles in APLL China.

Table of Content#p#分頁標題#e#
 

ACKNOWLEDGEMNENT II
ABSTRACT III
Table of Content IV
List of Figures VII
List of Tables VIII
Abbreviation IX
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 APL Logistics (China) company and Project Background 1
1.2 Problem definition 2
1. 3 Research aim and objective 3
1.4 Research question and the scope of research 4
1.5 Dissertation Outline 4
Chapter 2 Literature Review 6
2.1 Introduction 6
2.2 Vehicle utilization definition and their Key Performance Indicators and  benchmarks 6
2.2.1 Tonne-kilometres (TKM) per vehicle per annum 9
2.2.2 Weight-based lading factor 10
2.2.3 Space utilization / Vehicle fill 10
2.2.4 Empty running 11
2.2.5 Vehicle Route Problem 12
2.3 Constraints of vehicle utilization 13
2.3.1 Demand fluctuations 15
2.3.2 Priority given to the outbound delivery service 15
2.3.3 Unreliability of delivery schedules: because of congestion 15
2.3.4 Vehicle size and weight restrictions 17
2.3.5 Incompatibility of vehicles and products 17
2.3.6 Working time regulation (WTR) 17
2.3.7 E-commerce and home delivery growth 17
2.3.8 Fuel tax and vehicle excise duty 18
2.4 Potentials for improving vehicle utilization 18
2.4.1 Back loading 19
2.4.2 Data sharing: Collaboration Transport Management 20
2.4.3 Telematics and Computerised Vehicle Routing and Scheduling (CVRS) 21
2.5 Conclusion 22
Chapter 3 Methodology 24
3.1. Introduction 24
3.2 Research Philosophy 25
3.3 Research Approach 25
3.3.1 Secondary data collection—literature survey 26
3.3.2 Primary data collection—Interview 27
3.4 Research Strategy 30
3.5 Summary 31
Chapter 4 Research Findings 33
4.1 Situation of vehicle transportation of APLL Company in China 33
4.1.1 Vechile account 33
4.1.2 KPI 34
4.2 Logistics filling 38
4.2.1 Procedure of APLL 38
4.2.2 Problems of vehicle loading 41
4.2.3 basic principles of logistics filling optimization 43
4.3 Vehicle filling problem 45
4.3.1 Introduction 45
4.3.2 classification of vehicle filling problem 46
4.4 Vehicle routing problem 47
4.4.1 Introduction 47
4.4.2 the classification of the vehicle routing problem 48
4.5 vehicle empty-run 49
4.6 Summary 50
Chapter 5 Conclusion and recommendation 52
5.1 To integrate VFP and VRP 52
5.2 Strategies of reducing vehicle empty-run 53#p#分頁標題#e#
5.2.1 to keep the coordination and balance of the carrying dint and carrying capacity 53
5.2.2 to strengthen the science organization and management of road transport market 55
Bibliography 57
Appendix 1 64
Appendix 2 67
Appendix 3 69

List of Figures
 

Figure2.1– Relationship between maximum and minimum transit times over varying distances--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
Figure 3.1– Research onion----------------------------------------------------------------24
Figure 3.2– Literature research process--------------------------------------------------27
Figure 3.3 Comparative analysis of interviewees---------------------------------------30

List of Tables
 

Table 2.1 – Key Performance Indicators of vehicle utilization----------------------------7
Table 2.2 – Cost and other Indicators of vehicle management by Rushton et al.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
Table 2.3 – Constraints of vehicle utilization-----------------------------------------------13
Table 2.4 – potentials for improving transport utilization---------------------------------19
Table 3.1 – key words--------------------------------------------------------------------------26
Table 3.2 Information of interviewees 1-----------------------------------------------------29
Table 3.3 Information of interviewees 2-----------------------------------------------------29
Table 4.1 KPI------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36

Abbreviation
 

APLL China                = APL Logistics (China) Company
CO2                             = carbon dioxide
CPFR                          = Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment
CTM                           = Collaborative Transportation Management
CVRS                        = Computer aided Vehicle Routeing and Scheduling
DfT                            = Department for transport in the UK#p#分頁標題#e#
GDP                            = Gross Domestic Product
GHG                           = Green House Gas
GPS                            = Global Position System 
HSR                           = Health and Safety regulations
KPI                             = Key Performance Indicator
IT                                 = Information Technology
TKM                            = Tonne-kilometres
TMS                             = Transport Management System
VRSP                           = Vehicle Routing and Scheduling problem
VU                               = Vehicle Utilization
WTD                           = Working Time Regulation

Chapter 1 Introduction
 

         Road transport is, doubtless, the dominant transport mode in most countries and areas, where the percentage of road movement accounts for from 30% to over 80% (Eurostat, 2011; Rushton, et al, 2010; MicKinnon, et al, 2012). That is because road freight has its advantages including the capability of seamless door to door transport service and the nature of the flexibility. However, road freight also has its disadvantages. But because of the http://www.400190.com/wl/  cost increasing in logistics industry, as well as profits decreasing of this industry, more and more Chinese enterprises have focused on the optimization of logistics efficiency, especially vehicle utilization. Therefore, in this disseration, the author aims to study vehicle utilization in APLL company in China.#p#分頁標題#e#
 

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