Supply chain collaboration and its benefits
供應鏈協作及其效益

The cooperation between ports can be viewed as supply chain collaboration in some extent. Because ports is a node of transport chain and can be viewed as a part of value added chain. The concept of supply chain collaboration can be utilized into the cooperation between ports.
港口之間的合作，可以被看作是在一定程度上的供應鏈合作。因為港口是一個節點的傳輸鏈，并可以被看作是價值增值鏈的一部分。到港口之間的合作，可以利用供應鏈協同的概念。

Collaboration can be defined as two or more organizations share the responsibility of exchanging common planning, management and performance information (Anthony,2000). Some researchers pointed out that collaboration is the driving force to improve effectiveness in supply chain management (Ellram
and Cooper, 1990; Horvath, 2001). Finally, it can be considered as the core capability to generate competitive advantages. (Sanders and Premus, 2005).
Port, as a node of transport chain, can collaborate with other ports by utilizing the concept of supply chain collaboration.
可以被定義為兩個或多個組織協作共享交換常見的規劃，管理和性能信息（安東尼，2000年）的責任。一些研究人員指出，合作為動力，以提高供應鏈管理的有效性（Ellram與庫珀，1990年;霍瓦特，2001）。最后，它可以被認為是為核心的能力，以產生有競爭力的優勢。 （桑德斯和Premus的，2005年）。
港口，運輸鏈的一個節點，與其他港口合作，利用供應鏈協作的概念。

One of the processes of supply chain collaboration is to leverage the resources and skills and share information to accomplish mutual objectives (Bowersox et al., 2003; Golicic et al., 2003). In order to achieve the http://ukthesis.org/wl/ sustainable development in the competitive environment, ports cooperation can be achieved by sharing information and leveraging existing facilities to meet different requirements of shipping lines, forwarders and shippers.
供應鏈協作的過程，是充分利用資源和技能，信息共享，以實現共同目標（鮑爾索克斯等人，2003; Golicic等，2003）。為了在競爭激烈的環境中實現可持續發展，港口間的合作，可以實現信息共享和利用現有設施，以滿足不同需求的航運公司，貨運代理和貨主。
 

Benefits of supply chain collaboration include improving efficiency and saving cost. Furthermore, it enables companies to increase effectiveness and customer responsiveness. (Sabath and Fontanella, 2002).
供應鏈協作的好處包括提高效率和節約成本。此外，它還使企業能夠提高效率和客戶響應。 （Sabath和Fontanella酒店，2002）。

These studies give a useful indication of the range of criteria of port competition. Furthermore, the studies indicate port competition is the outcomes of market-driven and economic development. Although severe competition is inevitable between ports, opportunities are generated simultaneously for ports co-operation. However, seldom literature proposes how ports cooperate with each other because of its complexity.  This research concentrates on port co-operation based on the concept of supply chain collaboration.  The purpose is to investigate the existing competition between ports and then propose a framework of co-operation from the logistics management respective.#p#分頁標題#e#

Aims and Objectives
宗旨和目標

Based on the background introduction and literature review, the research paper attempts to answer the following questions:
研究的背景介紹和文獻回顧的基礎上，本文試圖回答以下問題：

a. What factors are responsible for port competition based on the respective of shipping lines and forwarders?
負責根據各自的航運公司和貨代港口競爭因素是什么？
b. Through comparison of the resources and capabilities of Hong Kong port and Shenzhen port, to identify 1) what are the competitive advantage existing in these two ports respectively? 2) what are the disadvantages or weaknesses of these two ports in competition?
通過比較香港港口和深圳港的資源和能力，確定1）現有的競爭優勢，這兩個端口分別是什么呢？ 2）這兩個港口在競爭中有什么缺點或弱點？
c. What sort of cooperation can be conducted between these two ports to form a complementary relationship based on the supply chain collaboration point of view?
這兩個端口之間形成一種互補的關系，基于對供應鏈協作的角度來看，可以進行什么樣的合作？

Based on the above questions, the research will investigate the following objectives;
基于對上述問題的研究將探討以下目標;
? To identify the main factors that are responsible for port competition from the point of view from shipping lines and forwarders. 
識別的主要因素是港口競爭的角度來看航運公司和貨代負責
? To identify the competitive advantage and weaknesses that emerges out of a comparative analysis between Hong Kong port and Shenzhen port.
要找出競爭優勢和弱點浮現出香港港口和深圳港之間的對比分析。
? To proposed a framework that how these two ports can collaborate with each other by making use of their core competences, and namely complement their weaknesses.
提出了一個框架，這兩個端口是如何相互協作，利用自己的核心競爭力，即補充自己的弱點。

Hence, the aim of the project report is to conduct a comparative analysis of Hong Kong port and Shenzhen port based on their respective resources. Then, the paper will evaluate the core competences and weak points of these two ports. Finally, the paper will propose how these two ports can cooperate and form a complementary relationship by making use of their core competences from the supply chain collaboration point of view.
因此，項目報告的目的是基于各自的資源進行了對比分析，香港港口和深圳港。然后，本文將評估這兩個港口的核心競爭力和薄弱點。最后，本文將提出這兩個端口可以如何合作，形成一種互補的關系，利用自己的核心競爭力的供應鏈協作的角度來看。