Paper代寫范例-延期策略中的倉庫。本文是一篇留學生paper寫作范文，主要內容是講述倉庫在提高組織利潤方面發揮著重要作用，因為它們接收、儲存和保存運往不同目的地的貨物。基于倉庫投資，組織制定其戰略。一些組織利用業務波動，采用延期策略延遲產品交付。政府鼓勵企業建立倉庫，儲存產品，并將其送往各個目的地。倉庫儲存產品并協助公司制定延期戰略。下面就一起來看一下這篇Paper代寫范例的具體內容。

Warehouses play an important role in enhancing organizational profits, as they receive, store, and preserve goods, which are shipped to various destinations. Based on warehouse investment, organizations devise their strategies. Some organizations used postponement strategy to delay delivery of products to exploit business fluctuations. Governments have encouraged companies to build warehouses, store their products, and send them to various destinations. Warehouses store products and assist companies in their postponement strategy.

倉庫在提高組織利潤方面發揮著重要作用，因為它們接收、儲存和保存運往不同目的地的貨物。基于倉庫投資，組織制定其戰略。一些組織利用業務波動，采用延期策略延遲產品交付。政府鼓勵企業建立倉庫，儲存產品，并將其送往各個目的地。倉庫儲存產品并協助公司制定延期戰略。

Role of warehousing

In the current competitive world of business, warehousing has emerged as a major part of modern organizations that aim to enhance their sales turnover and profits over a short span of time. Warehouse provides various services which including storing of goods, receiving goods, picking items from a particular locality, and shipping goods to a stated destination. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2)

In warehouses it is possible to store goods for a specified period of time. Industries, after producing goods, can store them in a warehouse. Organizations follow storage strategy due to different reasons. For one reason, organizations can bargain for higher price for their products. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2) On the other hand, companies failing to store their goods will lose their bargaining power as they are not able to demand higher prices for their products. Warehouses can be used to preserve goods produced in order to retain their original quality. Companies can obtain raw materials and other goods, which can be stored in their warehouses. Raw materials required for industrial production can be brought domestically and delivered directly to be preserved in warehouses. A few scholars like to differentiate between finished goods warehouse and raw material store room, but it is suggested that both perform similar functions. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2) Another function of warehouse is to enable shipping of products to a particular destination. Warehouse personnel can be asked to pack the required products & export to the requested destination. As there are advantages associated with warehouses, large numbers of companies have showed interest in maintaining their own warehouses. (Tompkins 1998, p. 2)

Traditional and modern economists have exhibited different approaches concerning warehousing. Traditional approaches suggest that warehousing is a “necessary evil”, which add to the cost that should be avoided. (Tompkins 1998, p. 5) Their argument is that warehousing adds to indirect cost of the organization. But, the modern approach is that warehouse is indispensable. It is like making a comparison with having a refrigerator. Today it is not possible to manage house without refrigerator. It is suggested that “The true value of warehousing lies in having the right product in the right place at the right time.” (Tompkins 1998, p. 5) This statement suggested that warehouses should be used in such a way that organization is able to achieve its short term and long term objectives. Warehouses should be used to store most valuable products or materials, which can be later transported to particular destinations. Proper management of warehouse resources and personnel can yield positive results while inefficient use of these resources can lead to negative impact on organization. This implies that industries need to understand way of optimal utilization of warehouse resources. (Tompkins 1998, p. 5)

Warehouses perform “gathering” and “breakdown” functions. (Gourdin 2001, p. 134) The gathering function refers to collection of small quantities of goods from different destinations and their assembly into large consignments. This function performed by warehouses allows companies to obtain commodities from various different locations, but achieve efficiency in transporting large quantities of goods to a particular purchaser. Break-down function refers to receiving large quantities of goods from particular vendor and assembling them into small consignments. For example, large grocery shops receive bulk commodities, which are later assembled into small packages that are sent to various destinations. (Gourdin 2001, p. 134) In this way, warehouses performed many varieties of functions. An advantage of warehouses is that they are flexible as their functions can be modified depending on company objectives and requirements. (Gourdin 2001, p. 134)

It is suggested that warehouse personnel perform duties such as receiving, storage, replenishment, order selection, shipping, and clerical administration. (Gourdin 2001, p. 126) ‘Receiving’ refers to receiving goods from different locations and maintaining a record of finished goods. ‘Storage’ refers to the process of storing goods in the warehouse. ‘Replenishment’ refers to shifting goods to temporary location for subsequent transportation. ‘Order selection’ refers to selection of goods ordered by customers and sending them to destinations. Clerical administration is a function wherein personnel maintain necessary records and use them to achieve optimum utilization of the warehouse storage facility. Therefore warehouse personnel also perform varied functions, thereby assisting organization in enhancing its competitive ability. (Gourdin 2001, p. 126)

Companies need to use strategies such as professionalism, customer awareness, and logistics network to achieve success of warehouse management. Warehouse personnel should exhibit professional qualities in order to able them to deal with challenges on warehouse management. The company should show awareness of customer demands, their wants, and aspirations. Based on such analysis, finished products and raw materials should be stored and transported to particular destination. Warehouses should be considered as a part of logistics network. This implies that transporting of goods from one place to another in shortest time is a major challenge faced by many organizations. To achieve this objective, one needs to invest in huge and efficient warehouses, which can be used to store goods. (Tompkins 1998, p. 6)

There are many different types warehouse such as public, contract, and private. (Gourdin 2001, p. 135) According to a survey, private warehouses are likely to provide efficient service to customers as they cater to specific needs of organizations. Public and contract warehouses which are also known as third party warehouses provide service to organizations which do not possess their own warehouses. They have various advantages and disadvantages. For example, organizations which did not invest in warehouse can depend on third party warehouses to store their goods; however those warehouses fail to provide customized service. The advantage of private warehouses is that they provide flexibility as their structure can be modified. (Gourdin 2001, p. 135)

It is suggested that “Management decision to utilize private, contract, or public warehousing (or some combination) flows from an analysis of the costs and benefits associated with each.” (Gourdin 2001, p. 135) In the end, it is the managers from the organization who take appropriate decisions based on cost-benefit analysis.

Warehouse and postponement strategy

Warehouse plays a notable role in postponement strategy. Postponement strategy refers to the principle that is found in supply chain management. This strategy is useful in reducing capital expenditure by controlling production and the storage of finished goods. Thereby this strategy can be used to provide satisfactory service to customers. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 58)

Various types of postponement strategy can be identified. These types are production postponement, distribution postponement, and full postponement. In production postponement strategy, product customization is delayed until the customer order is received. This will gives flexibility as it is possible to store generic products and customize them depending on specific demands of regions. This implies that warehouses do not store specific products that are in demand in particular regions. Instead, products with general specifications are produced and stored in warehouses. The final product will depend on the specific orders received from the particular regions. This strategy was employed effectively by HP in manufacturing and storage their printers. General printers were produced and accessories were added after obtaining specific orders from various regions. Thereby, the HP was able to save capital by linking production to warehousing. In this way, production postponement strategy is benefited by use of warehouse personnel and resources (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, pp. 58-59)

倉儲的作用

在當前競爭激烈的商業世界中，倉儲已成為現代組織的主要組成部分，其目標是在短時間內提高銷售營業額和利潤。倉庫提供各種服務，包括儲存貨物、接收貨物、從特定地點挑選物品以及將貨物運送到指定目的地。（湯普金斯1998年，第2頁）

在倉庫中，可以將貨物儲存一段特定的時間。工業部門在生產完商品后，可以將其儲存在倉庫中。由于不同的原因，組織遵循存儲策略。原因之一是，組織可以為其產品討價還價，爭取更高的價格。（湯普金斯1998年，第2頁）另一方面，未能儲存商品的公司將失去議價能力，因為它們無法要求更高的產品價格。倉庫可以用來保存生產的商品，以保持其原始質量。公司可以獲得原材料和其他商品，這些商品可以儲存在他們的倉庫中。工業生產所需的原材料可以帶到國內，直接運送到倉庫保存。一些學者喜歡區分成品倉庫和原材料儲藏室，但建議兩者具有相似的功能。（Tompkins 1998，第2頁）倉庫的另一個功能是將產品運送到特定的目的地。倉庫人員可以被要求包裝所需的產品并出口到所需的目的地。由于倉庫具有相關優勢，大量公司對維護自己的倉庫表現出了興趣。（湯普金斯1998年，第2頁）

傳統經濟學家和現代經濟學家在倉儲方面表現出不同的方法。傳統方法認為倉儲是一種“必要的邪惡”，這增加了應該避免的成本。（湯普金斯1998，第5頁）他們的論點是倉儲增加了組織的間接成本。但是，現代的方法是倉庫是必不可少的。這就像拿冰箱做比較。今天，沒有冰箱是不可能管理房子的。有人認為，“倉儲的真正價值在于在正確的時間將正確的產品放在正確的地點。”（湯普金斯，1998年，第5頁）這一說法表明，倉庫的使用方式應使組織能夠實現其短期和長期目標。倉庫應用于儲存最有價值的產品或材料，這些產品或材料可以稍后運輸到特定的目的地。倉庫資源和人員的適當管理可以產生積極的結果，而這些資源的低效使用可能會對組織產生負面影響。這意味著行業需要了解倉庫資源的最佳利用方式。（湯普金斯1998年，第5頁）

倉庫執行“收集”和“分解”功能。（Gourdin 2001，第134頁）收集功能是指從不同目的地收集少量貨物，并將其組裝成大量貨物。倉庫執行的這一功能使公司能夠從不同的地點獲得商品，但可以高效地將大量商品運輸給特定的買家。分解功能是指從特定供應商處接收大量貨物，并將其組裝成小批量貨物。例如，大型雜貨店接收大宗商品，這些商品后來被組裝成小包裹，送往各個目的地。（Gourdin 2001，第134頁）通過這種方式，倉庫發揮了多種功能。倉庫的一個優點是它們很靈活，因為它們的功能可以根據公司的目標和要求進行修改。（Gourdin 2001，第134頁）

建議倉庫人員履行收貨、儲存、補貨、訂單選擇、運輸和文書管理等職責。（Gourdin 2001，第126頁）“接收”是指從不同地點接收貨物并保存成品記錄“儲存”是指將貨物儲存在倉庫中的過程補貨是指將貨物轉移到臨時地點進行后續運輸訂單選擇是指選擇客戶訂購的商品并將其發送到目的地。文書管理是一項職能，工作人員保存必要的記錄，并使用這些記錄來實現倉庫存儲設施的最佳利用。因此，倉庫人員也履行各種職能，從而協助組織提高其競爭力。（古爾丁，2001年，第126頁）

公司需要使用專業精神、客戶意識和物流網絡等策略來實現倉庫管理的成功。倉庫人員應表現出專業素質，以便能夠應對倉庫管理方面的挑戰。公司應該意識到客戶的需求、需求和愿望。基于這種分析，成品和原材料應儲存并運輸到特定目的地。倉庫應被視為物流網絡的一部分。這意味著在最短的時間內將貨物從一個地方運輸到另一個地方是許多組織面臨的主要挑戰。為了實現這一目標，人們需要投資于巨大而高效的倉庫，這些倉庫可以用來儲存貨物。（湯普金斯1998年，第6頁）

有許多不同類型的倉庫，如公共倉庫、合同倉庫和私有倉庫。（Gourdin 2001，第135頁）根據一項調查，私人倉庫可能會為客戶提供高效的服務，因為它們滿足了組織的特定需求。公共倉庫和合同倉庫也被稱為第三方倉庫，為沒有自己倉庫的組織提供服務。它們有各種優點和缺點。例如，沒有對倉庫進行投資的組織可以依靠第三方倉庫來儲存其貨物；然而，這些倉庫無法提供定制服務。私人倉庫的優點是，它們提供了靈活性，因為它們的結構可以修改。（古爾丁，2001年，第135頁）

有人建議，“利用私人、合同或公共倉儲（或某種組合）的管理決策源于對每種倉儲相關成本和收益的分析。”（Gourdin 2001，第135頁）最終，是組織的管理人員根據成本效益分析做出適當的決策。

倉庫和延期策略

倉庫在延期策略中起著顯著的作用。延遲策略是指供應鏈管理中的原則。這一策略有助于通過控制成品的生產和儲存來減少資本支出。從而可以利用該策略為客戶提供滿意的服務。（Jespersen和Skjott Larsen，2005年，第58頁）

可以確定各種類型的延期策略。這些類型包括生產延期、分銷延期和完全延期。在生產延遲策略中，產品定制被延遲到收到客戶訂單。這將提供靈活性，因為可以存儲通用產品并根據地區的具體需求進行定制。這意味著倉庫不存儲特定地區需求的特定產品。相反，具有一般規格的產品被生產并儲存在倉庫中。最終產品將取決于從特定地區收到的特定訂單。惠普在生產和存儲其打印機時有效地采用了這一策略。在獲得各地區的特定訂單后，生產了通用打印機并添加了配件。因此，惠普能夠通過將生產與倉儲聯系起來來節省資金。通過這種方式，倉庫人員和資源的使用有利于生產延期戰略（Jespersen和Skjot-Larsen，2005年，第58-59頁）

Distribution postponement strategy refers to distribution of products from a warehouse. Products are manufactured in different factories and distributed to a particular warehouse. This strategy allows organizations to produce items that are demanded by specific customers. For example, Atlas Copco Tools uses this strategy wherein a warehouse in Europe obtains goods from various regions and subsequently distributed out to many different destinations. Distribution postponement strategy gives extra time to companies to modify products to suit specific customer demands. Warehouses play important role in picking and storing goods and modifying the orders as per customer specifications. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 59)

Full postponement strategy refers to combination of production and distribution postponement strategies. This strategy delays delivery of goods. Goods in this postponement strategy, are supplied directly to customers. This implies that the organizations using this strategy need not waste resources on different warehouses at national and international levels. This strategy has been adapted by B&O, which do not depend on large numbers of national warehouses. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 60) Instead, a single warehouse is used to preserve and store goods. Finished products are supplied either directly to the dealer or send to the end customer. The warehouse of this company is designed in such a way as to avoid huge investment in warehouses that function at intermediate level. This shows that warehouses can be tailor suited to needs of entrepreneurs who employ different postponement strategies. (Jespersen and Skjott-Larsen 2005, p. 60)

Contract or public warehouses can be used to postpone payment of import tariffs, as the US law allows importation and storage of goods in specified warehouse for a period of five years. The advantage with this rule is that importer can store goods for five years and wait for the right opportunity to dispose goods. During this period of five years, the importer can store and repackage imported commodity, and finally when the imported commodity is exported to another destination, there is no need to pay custom duty. Such law can be used by companies to save tariff and enhance their income. (Carlbaugh 2008, p. 119) Such law states that companies need to pay tariff charges in vogue while selling the commodity, rather than while importing commodity. In this situation, warehouses play important role in storing and preserving goods and transporting them to international destination. Importing firms enjoy luxury of waiting for five years before selling imported commodity. In the absence of efficient warehouses, importers fail to store commodities and sell them at appropriate time. This proves that warehouses are not necessary evil, as they can enhance capital saving for companies. (Carlbaugh 2008, p. 119)

Companies can use postponement strategy to reduce production quantity. This strategy is necessary when companies face reduction in demand for particular commodity that depend on various factors such as global business environment and input their costs. Transportation costs can be reduced to considerable extent based on postponement strategy. In this aspect, warehouses play an important role as they assist companies in modifying production process. Warehouses can be used in transporting product parts instead of transporting finished products therefore warehouses can be transfer to places where parts are stored and arranged. (Shah 2009, p. 246)

At a particular destination, products can be assembled hence this result in product customization enhancing customer satisfaction. Warehouse personnel can be trained to provide specific service to customers in different localities. Companies can build warehouses in various locations to reduce transportation costs over long term. For example, cycle industry in India had adopted this strategy, where there is demand for customized cycles. Customers are given opportunity to decide the product specifications. (Shah 2009, p. 246) Parts are supplied to specific destination and assembled in assigned place. By using this strategy, cycle industry in India has saved space required to store finished products, and reduced incidence of damage to finished goods. However at the same time this strategy encounters a few challenges. For example, long term uncertain economic environment can affect company’s postponement strategy. In this situation, appropriate warehousing facility can assist companies to withstand hostile business environment and postpone production and distribution process. This helps companies which invest in efficient warehouses to benefit in long run. (Shah 2009, p. 246)

Summary

In the modern competitive business environment, companies cannot afford to ignore importance of warehouses, as they perform function of picking up and storing commodities. Warehouses can be used to preserve goods for a particular period of time. Raw materials and finished goods can be stored and sent to national and international destinations. Companies with assistance of warehouses, can introduce various strategies to enhance their competitive abilities. There is a provision in the US law, which mentions that for imported goods taxes need not be paid when they are stored in warehouses. Importers can buy time and dispose imported commodity at the right time and right price.

Postponement is an important strategy that is used in modern industries, which needed to survive in today’s competitive business environment. Warehouse supports postponement strategy by storing goods for longer period of time so that company is able to exploit volatile business environment, which depends on domestic and international developments and demands. Warehouses assist companies in implementing their production and distribution strategies. For example, companies such as HP have used postponement strategy in enhancing their profit. In India, cycle companies have used warehouses to implement postponement strategy, wherein sale of products is related to customer demand.

分銷延遲策略是指從倉庫分銷產品。產品在不同的工廠生產，并分配到特定的倉庫。此策略允許組織生產特定客戶所需的產品。例如，阿特拉斯·科普柯工具公司采用了這一策略，即歐洲的倉庫從各個地區獲取貨物，然后將其分發到許多不同的目的地。分銷延遲策略為公司提供了額外的時間來修改產品以適應特定的客戶需求。倉庫在挑選和儲存貨物以及根據客戶規范修改訂單方面發揮著重要作用。（Jespersen和Skjott Larsen，2005年，第59頁）

完全延期策略是指生產和分銷延期策略的結合。這種策略延遲了貨物的交付。在這種延期策略中，商品直接供應給客戶。這意味著，使用這一戰略的組織不必在國家和國際各級的不同倉庫浪費資源。這一戰略已由B&O進行了調整，因為B&O不依賴于大量的國家倉庫。（Jespersen和Skjot-Larsen，2005年，第60頁）相反，一個倉庫被用來保存和儲存貨物。成品直接提供給經銷商或發送給最終客戶。這家公司的倉庫是這樣設計的，以避免對中級倉庫的巨額投資。這表明，倉庫可以根據采用不同延期策略的企業家的需求進行定制。（Jespersen和Skjott Larsen，2005年，第60頁）

合同倉庫或公共倉庫可用于推遲支付進口關稅，因為美國法律允許在指定倉庫進口和儲存貨物五年。這條規則的優點是進口商可以將貨物儲存五年，并等待合適的機會處理貨物。在這五年期間，進口商可以儲存和重新包裝進口商品，最后，當進口商品出口到另一個目的地時，無需支付關稅。這些法律可以被公司用來節省關稅和增加收入。（Carlbaugh 2008，第119頁）這項法律規定，公司在銷售商品時，而不是在進口商品時，需要支付時尚的關稅。在這種情況下，倉庫在儲存和保存貨物以及將其運輸到國際目的地方面發揮著重要作用。進口公司享受著等待五年才能銷售進口商品的奢侈。在缺乏有效倉庫的情況下，進口商無法儲存商品并在適當的時候出售。這證明倉庫不是必要的邪惡，因為它們可以提高公司的資本節約。（卡爾鮑，2008年，第119頁）

公司可以使用延期策略來減少生產數量。當公司面臨對特定商品的需求減少時，這一策略是必要的，這些商品取決于全球商業環境和成本投入等各種因素。基于延期策略，運輸成本可以在相當大的程度上降低。在這方面，倉庫在幫助公司修改生產流程方面發揮著重要作用。倉庫可以用于運輸產品零件，而不是運輸成品，因此倉庫可以轉移到存儲和安排零件的地方。（Shah，2009年，第246頁）

在特定的目的地，可以組裝產品，從而實現產品定制，提高客戶滿意度。倉庫人員可以接受培訓，為不同地區的客戶提供特定服務。公司可以在不同的地點建立倉庫，以長期降低運輸成本。例如，印度的自行車行業采用了這一戰略，因為印度對定制自行車有需求。客戶有機會決定產品規格。（Shah 2009，第246頁）零件供應到特定目的地，并在指定地點組裝。通過使用這一策略，印度的循環工業節省了儲存成品所需的空間，并降低了成品損壞的發生率。然而，這一戰略同時也遇到了一些挑戰。例如，長期不確定的經濟環境會影響公司的延期戰略。在這種情況下，適當的倉儲設施可以幫助公司抵御敵對的商業環境，推遲生產和分銷過程。這有助于投資于高效倉庫的公司從長遠來看受益。（Shah，2009年，第246頁）

總結

在現代競爭激烈的商業環境中，企業不能忽視倉庫的重要性，因為它們履行著提取和儲存商品的功能。倉庫可以用來保存貨物一段特定的時間。原材料和成品可以儲存并送往國內和國際目的地。公司在倉庫的協助下，可以推出各種戰略來提高自己的競爭力。美國法律中有一條規定，其中提到進口貨物在倉庫中儲存時無需繳納稅款。進口商可以爭取時間，以正確的時間和價格處理進口商品。

延期是現代工業中使用的一種重要策略，現代工業需要在當今競爭激烈的商業環境中生存。倉庫通過將貨物儲存更長時間來支持延期戰略，使公司能夠利用取決于國內外發展和需求的動蕩商業環境。倉庫協助公司實施其生產和分銷戰略。例如，惠普等公司在提高利潤方面采用了延期策略。在印度，自行車公司利用倉庫實施延期戰略，其中產品的銷售與客戶需求有關。

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