1. Given the situation of there are many citizens holding a positive attitude toward our party but they may not take action to vote in the election, so we need to change the final voting behavior by analyzing their attitude first.
代寫留學(xué)生dissertationFirst, our attitudes do predict our behavior 1) when we are less influenced by others, 2) when the attitude is specific to the behavior, and 3) when the attitude is strong enough.
Furthermore, according to previous studies, it shows that asking people to predict whether they will perform a socially desirable action appears to increase their probability of performing the action, it can be explained under the situation of when attitudes specific to the behavior are examined, the theory of planned behavior can be applied here, that is (a) attitudes, (b) perceived social norms, and (c) feelings of control together determine one’s intensions, which guide behaviors; even simply asking people about their intentions to engage in a behavior increases it likelihood.
In our case, because many citizens have already hold a positive attitude toward our party, there is one strategy according to planned behavior we can adopt, that is we can contact these citizens by telephone and ask them to predict whether they would perform voting behavior in the upcoming election if they gave positive answer, then we told them we will mark in front of your name to show you will vote for us and tell this result to others at the same time. The second step embodies the situation of when others influences on behavior are minimal, once individual make promise in front of public, their attitude get less influence by others, people will more tend to insist in their choice to the end.
Moreover, based on self-presentation concept, we get to know that people do not want to look foolishly inconsistent, so they express attitudes and show behavior that matches their previous actions. So let them make promise before the upcoming election can increase voting behavior hopefully.
However, we need to realize that sometimes people’s expressed attitudes hardly predicted their behavior; the attempts to change behavior by changing attitudes often fail.
So there is another strategy we can adopt, that is we can consider the foot-in-the-door phenomenon, in order to increase voting behavior in the upcoming election. Since people who have agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. For many citizens have already hold a positive attitude toward our party, we can held an activity that let these citizens help us to stick bumper stickers on their cars or request them return a policy survey result, these small commitment can lead citizens increase their voting behavior in the upcoming election.

2. Conformity is a change inbehavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure; whereas anti-conformity behavior is often based on a motivation for people try to maintain their sense of freedom.#p#分頁標題#e#
It is hard to say whether conformity or anti-conformity behavior are good or bad, for they are high depends on what situation people are in.
First, Conformity happens under Informational Social Influence, since people look to others for information in order to be right.
For example, when you first come to a posh restaurant, you may look at the people around, to see what knife and fork to use and their order and manner. You take others behavior as a reference, conformity works very well when you are uncertain about what to do next or have less faith on your own judgment.
However, when the situation is ambiguous or in crisis, do not just look to other people because they may also look to you, in this situation, you need to analyze and judge the case independently, to see whether others behavior have accurate proof, then decide your own action.
Second, Conformity happens under Normative Social Influence for people want to be liked and accepted by others.
Conformity performances good for it can stop people from cutting into a long queue. Obeying social norm can keep people’s behavior in order and avoid unnecessary chaos.
However, some teenagers smoke because others in their peer group smoke are not a proper behavior. People need to aware that you always have individual responsibility for your own actions. When you realize others’ behavior is not decent, you need to stick to your guns and not conform to group pressure. 
Third, as to anti-conformity behavior may often be courage in individualist culture, it could be good in group discuss, minority insist in their ideas brings more discuss as along with more fresh ideas, groupthink can be avoided to some extent. In this case, the anti-conformity behavior of minority plays a very important role.
However, anti-conformity also has negative effect, such as in “boomerang effect”, especially for youth, they tend to break the social regulation in order to protect their sense of freedom. For instance, when teacher stop two teenagers who love each other to be together, they may go to elopement.
So, in my opinion, both conformity and anti-conformity are the react to others actions, no matter in what situation, people always realize they have individual choice, every decision should both consider the people around you and your own will.

3. New immigrants may experience prejudice because they are considered to be illiterate and possessed no industrial skills, moreover, their identity are easy to be judged for their strange languages and customs.
First, Ingroup bias is a motivational sources of prejudice, it results that people feel their own group are better than other group.
We can break the prejudice by promoting the idea of mutual respect among public. Plan a culture exhibition about new immigrant. Present information on their history and unique traditions. Show their traditional food and custom, fabulous singing or dancing performance. Let public realize the culture difference and find out the value of other culture. #p#分頁標題#e#
Beside this angle, we can also show how much new immigrants contribute to our city and country in the exhibition. Because Unequal status, as a social source of prejudice, breeds prejudice too, people who are in high social dominance tend to create prejudice to justify it privileged position. We need to let public understands they and new immigrants are building the world together and relying on each other. Such as a photograph exhibition about new immigrants, show how these people work everyday
This is also a way to break stereotype, make people realize new immigrants are not like what they thought, show the idea of “we are working for common goal”, instead the concepts of ingroup and outgroup by a broader concept, we are both world builder.
Second, Prejudice can also spring from our acquired values and attitudes. According to this point, we could reduce this prejudice through education (social institution), by promoting democratic ideas; In general, people who have higher level education tend to held less prejudice towards others, so education appears to be an effective way in reducing prejudice. After accepting the democratic values of equal opportunity, people were forced to confront the inconsistency between the positive values of equality and freedom that they hold and their negative perceptions of new immigrant. Although prejudice cannot be removed totally, it can make people become more tolerance.
Furthermore, the influence of family socialization, another important social source of prejudice, appears in children’s prejudice. School also should take the responsibility of educate their students’ parents. They can hold a campaign, let students and their parents play game together, of course there are new immigrant students and their parents; previous studies shows that Intergroup contact appears very effective in reducing prejudice. But it requires 1) cooperative interdependent,2)equal identity,3)contact for familiar, 4) regulation support.
So we need to design this campaign carefully, during the game, all the people are equal; people need to cooperate with each other for a common goal; everything should be watched and conducted by school teachers, and this campaign would be hold every holiday. These contacts could contribute to remove prejudice somewhat. Especially, for the parents who have social dominance orientation.