英國的文化內涵分析   Britain's cultural connotation analysis

     英國在最期的時候就著手了科學革命的研討。近現代電磁學理論的提出者邁克爾達拉第、天演論的初次建立人查爾斯·達爾文、火車創造者喬治·斯蒂芬遜、能量守衡定律的奠基者詹姆斯·焦耳等在世界科技的進展上都做出了重要的貢獻這些個科學家和創造家都是出生在英國。這種理性思惟之所以最后能夠變成全人的共同體的共識，其主要的社會形態端由是對事實目的的尋求。英國人是講究實際效的人的共同體，事實的目的是靠自己的能力而非夢想，是靠科學而非盲目信仰崇拜，是靠實實在在地做而不是空談去達到的。英國人在改造客觀的實踐中、在與宗教主義斗爭和合成一體中鑄造了自己的理性的主觀世界。 

   Britain take the lead to scientific revolution. Modern electromagnetics theory of Michael daladier, founder of evolution by Charles Darwin and inventor of the train, George Stephenson, the energy conservation law of founder James joule and so on in the history of world science and technology development made outstanding contributions of scientists and inventors are born in the UK. This kind of rational thinking will eventually become the consensus of the whole nation, the main social reason is the pursuit of realistic goals. The English nation is pragmatic, realistic goals is to rely on own strength rather than fantasy, is to rely on science rather than superstition, is to rely on action rather than talk to meet. British people in the transformation objective practice, in the struggle with religious doctrine and fusion casting its own rational subjective world.

　另一方面，英國最為流行的就是自由思想。18世紀末自由思想廣泛受到關注，出現了“超國會論壇”；1790年之前，光榮革命后，其主流思想是從“憲政主義”來闡釋自由的意境，英國的憲法應致力于維護英國人民的自由；1790年左右，潘恩《理性時代》鼓勵人們擺脫宗教的陰影，走向獨立思考和知識探索之路；1792～1796年，受潘恩思想的影響，各階層要求其普遍的權利，所謂的自由能平等享受屬于自己的權利。通過一系列的斗爭、沖突，英國個體的權利得到了維護和保障，形成了典型的“盎格魯—撒克遜”模式下主導的自由主義思想。  

  Freedom of thought, on the other hand, a great tradition and the individual level. The end of the 18th century liberal ideas widely attention, appeared the "super congress BBS"; Before 1790, after the glorious revolution, the mainstream ideology from "constitutionalism" to interpret the http://ukthesis.org/shx artistic conception of freedom, the British constitution should be committed to maintaining the freedom of the British people; Around 1790, paine "age of reason" encourage people to get rid of the shadow of religion, toward the road of independent thinking and intellectual inquiry; 1792 ~ 1796, influenced by paine thought, all levels of the right to demand the common, the so-called freedom can enjoy belongs to own equal rights. Through a series of struggle, conflict, and the individual rights from the maintenance and guarantee, formed a typical "Anglo - Saxon" mode of liberal thought.

 (2) the aristocratism group culture

British people because of the reason of the cultural background, the hereditary concept is strong, has been to the upper deck of the landlords and the nobility as a social, business operators in a lower social class. British entrepreneur values, therefore, more attention to social status and grade differences, not with the outstanding managerial performance to prove their social value, but one thousand to bring myself to join the upper society, embodies the noble socialist ideas of group class. As a group in the social existence of time long influential group of British culture. Britain's noble spirit is a very complex and extensive concept, the essence of which is:First, the knight spirit. The essence of which is to pay attention to aboveboard, fair competition; Pay attention to individual decisions, the formal system; The pursuit of fair and reasonable principles of competition. No matter in business, politics or other occasions, with a nature of competition should compete with good players style, competitive parties should have equal opportunity, should not be treated unfairly.

Second, strong self-reliance spirit and desire. Nobles despite having the king seal land but and protect still have big difference of the east, is essentially a contractual relationship. Real rights or want to rely on themselves to strive for, the size of the nobles will want to have the chance for greater independence from the king, this struggle has never been interrupted ever. Nobles with the king against oppression, at all levels in the long battle started the tradition of freedom against tyranny, "born free," the British took over the banner of freedom from the aristocracy, and the struggle to safeguard rights. Noble spirit of the strong self-reliance, against violations of rights, to Britain's national tradition does have a huge impact, later all levels ShangHangXiaXiao, fight to maintain their own rights. Hobby is "free" traditional, became the important pillar of the national spirit, thus gradually formed a British strong self-reliance spirit and desire.

　　Third, strong master consciousness and social responsibility. Noble's main economic source is his fief, to maintain the status quo can ensure their position against threats. So-called noble spirit is the spirit of the British high society, it is a brave warrior, precious is honest attitude, excellent master consciousness, strong sense of social responsibility, to be polite, conservative, complacent, and many other qualities of a strange mixture. Some of these features, in a different environment and different time has different forms, but no matter how its performance, can't deny is that the existence of the noble spirit greatly influenced the British historical development and social progress, because in the UK, has never been eliminated, noble spirit also has never been denied. Was praised by the British "gentlemanly" classes and noble group struggle and fusion is formed by the values of the whole nation, is a society of "keeping up with society", the result of the part is crammed into the lower values tend to be a continuation of noble spirit. But there is a weakness is dislike competition for gentleman poise, while Britain is the earliest competitive consciousness, the earliest use of free competition theory, rouse national spirit striving to make progress, but as a result of diffuse the whole nation to emulate the orientation of polite society, weak competition consciousness gradually. Visible, the gentleman poise both its director, and the short, how to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, to this kind of spiritual heritage, is a serious issue in front of the British national. 

Fourth, the gentleman poise, centrally embodies the value orientation of British national psychology, which on the one hand, the pursuit of elegant life, everywhere is aligning with high society, on the one hand, and loss of spirit of competition, to strive for traditions and habits is increasingly nostalgic, so that the value of conflict between standards and codes of conduct, put yourself in a situation of dilemma. This quandary is essentially a kind of cultural dilemma, is due to the emerging class since the industrial revolution has failed to overhaul the spiritual heritage of the old class and gradually. Can you get rid of this cultural dilemma, in a sense will decide the future development of this ancient nation in the future.