第一章 緒論

1.1研究背景
在過去，特別是在中國的婚姻通常會安排家長和媒人。隨著社會的發展和新中國的基礎，人的思想發生了很大變化。受西方文化的影響，人們開始尋求自己的潛能，理想的配偶通過其他方式。 Gradually dating advertisementappears. Dating advertisement, as a special kind of advertisement, is quite common inrecent years and becomes more and more popular and attracts more and more attention. Ithas become an important tool http://www.400190.com/shxlxzy/  find an ideal spouse in modern time, since it can provideall kinds of people with a platform to communicate more directly with others. There hasbeen an enormous upsurge of interest in advertisements. Compared with other kinds ofadvertisement, dating advertisement has not received enough attention and the researcheson dating advertisements mainly focus on the lexical and syntactical level.Dating advertisement is considered as a powerful mirror or window through whichwe can find the social trends and cultural values, but studies of dating advertisement havelong been neglected or just touch the surface level. Few scholars study datingadvertisement on the basis of appraisal theory and even no research has been done fromthe perspective of altitude, which is core subsystem of appraisal theory.
This paper, afterfinding out this loophole, aims to analyze dating advertisement by means of attitudecompleted with the three sub-systems: affect, appreciation and judgement.SFL is a theory of language centred round the notion of language function and amulti-perspective model. It is designed to offer analysts complementary lenses forinterpreting language in use. One of the most basic complementarities is the notion of kinds of meaning— three modes of meaning. Ideational meaning which means thatlanguage is a resource for mapping ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning onto oneanother in almost act of communication. Interpersonal resources are involved innegotiating social relations: how people are interacting, including the feelings they try andshare. According to Halliday, interpersonal meanings are shown in the person system, bothas pronoun，in the attitudinal type of Epithet, in the connotativc meanings of lexical itemsfunctioning in the group and in prosodic features such as swearwords and voice quality(1994). This thesis is to develop and extend the SFL account of the interpersonal byattending to three axes along which the speaker/writer's intersubjective stance may vary.

1.2 Research Significance#p#分頁標題#e#
With the development of modern society and changes of people's ideology,advertisement has become an indispensable pari in our daily life. Dating advertisement, asa special kind ol、advertisement, publicizes personal inlbrmation and demands lor potentialpartner or suitable person through media such as newspapers, magazines, website, etc. tofind an ideal spouse. It often opens the bidding between potential partners and increasesthe chances of finding an appropriate partner. Once the readers are attracted by theinformation in dating advertisement, they will choose to respond to the advertisers or not，thus initiate a relationship. In other words, people are able to access to each other throughthe bridge of dating advertisement.

CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW  第二章 文獻綜述

This chapter is devoted to the review of related studies. First, it provides thedefinitions, characteristics and classifications of dating advertisement, and reviews theprevious Chinese and British studies on this issue. Then it comes to the review of theattitude system in appraisal theory. At last, it shows some comments on the previousstudies.

2.1 A Review of Dating Advertisements
Dating Advertisements, which appeared commonly in England in 18^*^ century, arenothing new to people. They originated in people's need to find an ideal partner or spouseand the earliest record traced back to 1695 in the famous English Journal Collection forImprovement of Husbandry and Trade. As time goes by, the ideology of people ischanging little by little，thus dating advertisements, as one of the most important ways toseek marriage, become more and more popular throughout the world.There are many terms about Chinese so-called ” (Zheng Hun Guang Gao)or ”征婚啟事”(Zheng Hun Qi Shi) in English, such as "personal advertisement","marriage advertisement", "dating advertising", "mate-selection advertisement", ”datingadvertisement", "lonely hearts advertisement", etc. In this thesis, the author just chooses"dating advertisement", as it is commonly used and accepted by native English speakers.In brief，dating advertisement, as a special kind of advertisement, is different frombusiness or commercial advertisements. It is personal in nature and its most direct goal isto arouse and attract the "ideal" reader's attention lo the advertiser, thus they will havefurther development in order to achieve their final goal— find an ideal spouse or partner.

CHAPTER THREE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK…………………………….. 32-50
    3.1 An Overview of Appraisal Theory………………………. 32-33
    3.2 Subsystems of Appraisal 33-35……………………….
    3.3 Attitude………………………. 35-47#p#分頁標題#e#
        3.3.1 Affect………………………. 36-41
            3.3.1.1 Classifications of affect ……………………….37-40
            3.3.1.2 Realizations of affec……………………….t 40-41
        3.3.2 Judgement ……………………….41-44
            3.3.2.1 Classifications of judgement………………………. 41-42
            3.3.2.2 Realizations of judgement ……………………….42-44
        3.3.3 Appreciation………………………. 44-46
        3.3.4 Interaction of affect, judgement……………………….46-47
    3.4 Applications of Appraisal Theory………………………. 47-48
    3.5 Theoretical Framework for the Present Thesis………………………. 48-50
CHAPTER FOUR A CONTRASTIVE STUDY………………………. 50-64
    4.1 Data Selection ……………………….50-51
    4.2 in British Dating Advertisements ……………………….51-53
    4.3 Attitude System in Chinese ……………………….s 53-56
    4.4 Data Analysis………………………. 56-58
        4.4.1 Data analysis of British ………………………. 56-57
        4.4.2 Data analysis of Chinese  ……………………….57-58
    4.5 Similarities and Differences ……………………….58-61
        4.5.1 Similarities and differences ……………………….58-60
        4.5.2 Similarities and differences ……………………….60-61#p#分頁標題#e#
    4.6 Discussion ……………………….61-64
CHAPTER FIVE CONCLUSION………………………. 64-68
    5.1 Findings of the Thesis………………………. 64-65
5.2 Implications………………………. 65-66

CONCLINOUS

This thesis is by no means an exhaustive analysis of the appraisal with the focus onthe attitudinal resources in British and Chinese dating advertisements. It has its limitations.First，the engagement and graduation of appraisal theory have not been touched upon inthe quantitative analysis due lo limited space of the thesis. What's more, it is possible thatsome linguistic elements that rcali/.c the attitudinal meaning in British and Chinese datingadvertisements might be overlooked because of the imperfection of the appraisal theoryitself. Third, the present thesis has tried to avoid the subjective element in the analysis, butit might be impossible to be fully objective, because the appraisal meaning is highlydetermined by cultural and ideological values and the reader positioning.
Gee(2000:9) writes that "the quality of research often resides in how fruitful ourmistakes are, that is, in whether they open up paths that others can then make moreprogress on than we have.’’ Though there may remain mistakes in this thesis, I hope allthese are worthwhile ones.This analysis is tentative and unrefined. It is just a start of a long and hard work and itstill leaves much to be done in the future study. The final purpose of this study is to dig itsdeeper social and cultural differences between Britain and China so as to encourage andpromote http://www.400190.com/ the intercultural communication and transnational marriage. This subject isworthy of the further investigation on the basis of a larger corpus.