荷蘭市場學essay定做需求 Market Review of the Netherlands
This project first uses PEST Analysis to review the macroeconomic environment of the Netherlands.
1. Politics
1. Investment Policy
Dutch government encourages foreign enterprises to invest in the Netherlands, it provides foreign direct investment with national treatment. There is no division between local companies and foreign companies in local law. Except for a small number of state-owned and non-governmental industries of monopoly  (military production, utilities, railways and public broadcasting) which are not allowed to be participated in by domestic and overseas private investment as well as being restricting by the European Union clauses of mutual benefits in finance, investment services and a small number of other areas, foreign companies are free to invest in any sector in the Netherlands and have the same rights as domestic firms in the law and the Netherlands, its operational activities, the company address and ownership of real estate are not subject to any restrictions. Companies which establish in accordance with the laws of other countries or regions abroad can also carry out their business activities freely through forms of setting up branches in the Netherlands. The Netherlands government through many financial incentives to support investors to invest in the Netherlands, the companies can receive a gift or allowance according to their investment in different geographical areas and different industries. It provides the investment projects with capital subsidies for being able to create employment opportunities in some areas and decides the amount of subsidies in accordance with the specific locations of investment. In addition, the government provides credit of technical development for the investment projects which aim at product upgrading and improving processing technology and enhancing service standards and need the enterprises to shoulder a greater risk, if the project fails, the loans will be translated into presents, the enterprise need not to repay. The Dutch government also provides different forms of tax relief, allowances and subsidies for innovative research projects, projects of energy conservation and environmental protection and projects of employment training. （C. Rim, OECD Investment Policy Reviews，OECD Publishing）
2. Economy
The latest intelligence has shown that: in 2008, the Netherlands came out of the shadow of a state of economic stagnation in 2000, and now it is moving in the right direction for development. In recent years, it has a very strong development momentum, which enables its per capita GNP rank very competitive in the world economy organizations. The very open Dutch economy will take advantage of its favorable international environment and investment environment to attract substantial investments. The economic development of Netherlands benefits from the structural adjustment in recent years, especially the reform of pension system, health care and disability benefits, it also encourages participation in the labor market, which are conducive to the establishment of public finance of the Netherlands on a sound basis.#p#分頁標題#e#
Dutch financial services industry has developed well, its banking has a high concentration degree, the largest three banking groups - Algemene Bank Nederland, Internationale Nederlanden Group and Rabo Bank Nederl-ands control about 75% of domestic lending, together with De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) and Fortis, the 5 banks possess of 90% of the assets of Dutch domestic banks. Amsterdam is one of a major financial center in Europe; the biggest three banks have a worldwide network of services; more than 50 foreign banks have their offices in the Netherlands; two accounting firms of the world's four major accounting firms have established their global headquarters in the Netherlands; Amsterdam Stock Exchange is one of the oldest stock exchange in Europe. The Netherlands is the country with the lowest cost of financial services in Europe. Foreign exchange can flow freely in the Netherlands. Foreign enterprises’ financing and profits, capital, loan interest and remitting of other legitimate income would encounter no export restrictions, foreign investors can choose any one currency as payment. (Economic Survey of the Netherlands, 2008)
3. The tax collection system
The tax categories in the Netherlands mainly include corporate tax and personal income tax (including wage withholding tax) and value-added tax (VAT).
On 1st January, 2007, the Netherlands’ tax reform program came into effect, the reform is aimed at further strengthening of the   competitiveness of tax environment in the European Union and the global, so that local enterprises of the Netherlands’ and foreign-invested enterprises can enjoy preferential tax policies, thereby further enhancing the important role of the Netherlands’ as the ideal country of business operation in EU.
In the Netherlands, corporate income tax was substantially reduced, since January 1st, 2007, the general corporate income tax rate is 25.5% (It was, 29.6% formerly.); to improve the interests of small and medium-sized, the new tax law also provides for that the profits which are less than 25,000 euros apply the tax rate of 20 %, 23.5% is applicable to the profits of 2.5-6 million euros. The new rates of the Netherlands are generally lower than the current rate of major developed countries’ in Western Europe. （(http://www.expatax.nl/dutchtaxlawsexpatax.htm）
4. Society
In the assessment of the United Nations, the Netherlands is one of the most appropriate place for living in the world. Here, you can not only enjoy the high quality of life, experience a general feeling of being at home; you can also communicate in English and work together with people from all over the world friendly and experience the harmonious life. As the Netherlands is located in the heart of Western Europe, you can easily drive to Berlin, Paris and London for just a few hours.
According to the latest data of the European OECD, the overall labor market of the Netherlands is still relatively good. In 2008, the population of recipients of social welfare accounted for 17 percent of the population of working age in the Netherlands, actually, this part of people can be mobilized to solve the aging problem which has puzzled Dutch government for a long term. And if this population of 17% can return to the community as labor force, it would help to reduce social welfare expenditure, which is also a better program proposed for the European OECD.www.400190.com#p#分頁標題#e#
Dutch are generally well-educated, they master multiple languages and have with the complex skills which are needed by high-tech economy. The organizations of trade union in the Netherlands are more moderate and tend to serve the interests of the majority of people. Employers and employees of the Netherlands carry out all kinds of cooperation through a variety of labor relations commission, such cooperation is also conducive to maintaining a stable labor relations. A survey conducted by authoritative organization shows that the Netherlands is one of the few countries in the European Union which has the least number of strike. (http://www.toursnetherlands.com/about-netherlands/)
5. Technology
The Netherlands has a very sophisticated technology in some areas, such as: aerospace, automobile manufacturing, information technology, telecommunications, energy, water conservancy, environmental protection technology, micro-systems and nanotechnology, new materials, chemical, biotechnology, food and nutrition, green building, embedded systems, and so on. The Netherlands is the country in the European Union which has the highest degree of penetration of broadband and Internet. The science and technology of the Netherlands has a good foundation and a leading level in many areas, such as Philips, ASML, Unilever, Shell and DSM, www.400190.com they are all well-known enterprises in the Netherlands. In addition, universities and research institutes in the Netherlands have also researched the world's top level.
Overall, the Netherlands is the country of the EU members which has a relatively low political risk, it has a mature form of government, ease domestic conflicts and stable social order. In recent years, although the changes of government frequent happen, political parties can reach agreement to achieve balance.
The Netherlands has excellent geographical location and developed economy, it has complete industrial sectors and its industry, agriculture and service industries are highly developed, it has achieved a significant success in attracting foreign investment.