“廣播”這個詞實際上是指文字的種子在農(nóng)場通過播種把他們播撒到更遠的地方。談?wù)搹V播媒體,它實際上是一個通過廣播、電視、電話、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)或者其他,通常是數(shù)字傳輸媒體的服務(wù)，分發(fā)音頻和視頻內(nèi)容的一個離散的觀眾。廣播服務(wù)接收者包括公眾，或相對更廣泛的人群比如兒童或年輕人。廣播會導致一個巨大的大眾媒體,廣播非常狹窄的范圍的觀眾稱為窄播。廣播可以通過不同的渠道包括電視、廣播電臺和網(wǎng)絡(luò)創(chuàng)建內(nèi)容，或者獲得特權(quán)播放錄制的電視和廣播節(jié)目。
 

電視是最著名的廣播形式,實際上是向分散觀眾分發(fā)視頻內(nèi)容。實驗從1925年開始,商業(yè)化從1930年代。電視工作室通過編程運行程序通過傳輸設(shè)備傳送給一般觀眾。

 

電視廣播行業(yè)在印度是一個非常巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè),印度幾乎所有的省份有成千上萬的項目。幾乎一半的家庭在印度有自己的電視。2010年進行的調(diào)查,發(fā)現(xiàn)共有515個頻道可供選擇，國家有將近150種支付渠道。
 

印度電視市場顯示的今天許多向世界提供廣播服務(wù)的這一行業(yè)典型特點,各地方電視臺支持以及基于廣告服務(wù);一個單獨的和不斷增長的細分市場提供服務(wù),以換取訂閱等多種分配方式。同時,印度的電視有許多獨特的特性,這是由于它的大小和歷史、資金來源，監(jiān)管和技術(shù)的選擇造成的。

 

The word “broadcast” actually refers to a literal sowing of seeds on farms by spreading them over a wide field. Talking about broadcasting media it is actually a service of distributing audio and video content to a discrete audience via radio, television, telephone, internet or other, often digital transmission media. The receptor of these services includes the common public or a o relatively broader audience, such as children or young adults. Broadcasting contributes to a very huge segment of the mass media, and broadcasting to a very narrow range of audience is called narrowcasting. Broadcasting can be done through different channels which contain television and radio stations and networks that creates content or obtain the privileges to broadcast recorded television and radio programs.

 

TV broadcasting is the most prominent form of broadcasting which is actually distributing video content to a dispersed audience. It was started experimentally from 1925, commercially from the 1930s. Television broadcasters run studios and facilities for the programming and transmission of programs to the general audience.

 

在印度的電視廣播-TELEVISION BROADCASTING IN INDIA.

Television broadcasting industry in India is a very huge industry and has thousands of programs in almost all states of India. Almost half of the households in India own a television. In a research conducted in 2010, it was found that a total of 515 channels are available in the country out if which nearly 150 are paid channels.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

Indian television markets display today many of the attributes of the sector typical to broadcasting across the world, a mix of state-supported and advertising based services; a separate and growing segment offering scrambled services in return for subscription; a variety of distribution means. At the same time, Indian television has a number of unique characteristics that are the result of its size and history, source of funding, regulation and technology choices. In common with other Indian industries, the development of broadcasting has been coloured by India’s comparative isolation due to tariff barriers and other regulatory constraints. These impacted unevenly across television and related sectors, while Bollywood flourished in part because of the scarcity of non Indian content. The main competitors with in the industry include entertainment, Sony Entertainment, Star TV, Doordarshan, and NDTV.

 

CURRENT SCENARIO.

In India, the television broadcasting industry going through remarkable changes and it has now become one of the fastest growing sectors of the country. The main reasons for all this is the rising per capita/ national income, increase in the growth of economy and powerful macro-economic fundamentals, democratic set up, good governance as well as law and order position in the country. The Indian broadcasting industry plays a vital role in creating people’s awareness about state laws and policies and programs by providing education and information, besides creating healthy business environment within the country. Thus, it helps the people to be the active partner in the nation-building venture.

 

At the present stage, in Indian television broadcasting industry there are almost 110 million households having TV in their houses in India, out of which almost 70 million of the households are cable and satellite homes and rest of the 40 million households are served by the public broadcaster.

 

SWOT分析-SWOT ANALYSIS.

Weaknesses.

Domination of 4-5 major players is a negative sign thus creating somewhat monopolized industry.

 

Ongoing weakness of U.S. automakers will have an impact on advertising spending.

 

Environmental issues.

 

Full depending on power supply.

 

Remote area can not be accessed

 

Strengths.

Latest technology is used by the Industry.

 

Strong expertise of broadcasters in core areas.

 

Industry acceptance of fast changing requirements.

 

.

Competitive pricing helps the end customer as do customized solutions.

 

Box Office revenues are consistently growing.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

威脅-Threats.

Slowing Real GDP, inflation, and jobs concerns.

 

Unstable outlook of the industry.

 

Oil prices are beginning to rise, which will cause a decrease in available Challenges of Broadcast Industry and Opportunities for IT Solution Providers cash for consumers to spend.

 

This is seen as advertisers insist that rates be based only on live viewing and not time shifted viewing.

 

Threat of consumer shift towards alternatives.

 

機遇-Opportunities.

New broad casting companies are providing box offices also.

 

Change in technology and in consumer wants and needs brings about new opportunities for growth and for different players to catch a larger share of the industry.

 

Those who are able to create strategic partnerships and find alternative ways of doing business will thrive.

 

Increasing no. of channels.

 

印度廣播產(chǎn)業(yè)趨勢-TRENDS IN INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.

Indian Broadcasters are now under increasing pressure to present superior quality content, as is reflected in some recent trends:

 

Narrowcasting or launch of specialty or niche channels, which achieve faster breakeven (given the lower investment) focus also being brought onto regionalization and content creation for Tier II and Tier III towns.

 

Launch of reality shows, despite the high investments required, gaining viewership; broadcasters are depending on reality shows for channel branding.

 

Near immediate launch of movies on the broadcasting platform following theatrical release, although at high acquisition costs; however revenue potential of such broadcasting remains a challenge for the broadcasters despite the relatively high gross rating points (GRPs) of the programmes.

 

Switchback to the outright exclusive rights model for movies to reduce fragmentation of viewership, albeit at higher costs.

 

Increasing presence in the overseas markets so as to tap non-resident Indians (NRIs) who have been demanding Indian content; this along with dedicated local programming is opening up an additional revenue stream for Indian broadcasters.

環(huán)境問題-ENVIORNMENTAL ISSUES.

The television industry in India continues to undergo solid competition from the digital cable and satellite TV industries. The cable TV industry, in special, represents a bigger threat to future industry growth. A number of elements points to low development in advertising revenue, including forecast low economical growth, the declining total share of the TV audience, and competition from new media. The dim outlook for this industry has already prompted News Corp to expand its satellite TV interests. The onset of digital television may provide a much needed boost for demand.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS OF INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.

Bargaining power of Buyers.

Strength of Force—High

The bargaining power of customers determines that how much customer can impose pressure on the margins and volume of a industry.

 

Viewers experience frequently changes, providing little faithfulness to any particular network.

 

Advertising buyers dictate television programming choices.

 

The supplier’s customers are bitty, so their bargaining power is low.

 

The customer has awareness about the production costs of the products.

 

Buyers (end users as well as advertisers) do not face significant switching costs and

 

are extremely price sensitive

 

Bargaining Power of Suppliers .

Strength of Force-- Low- Medium

Since most suppliers to Broadcasters have either been acquired/ have a tie-up with the broadcasters, the bargaining power of suppliers is low. For ex- Viacom has acquired Paramount.

 

However, Independent content providers pose a major challenge to online revenue model for broadcasters.

 

The supplier encompasses a large number of small operators.

 

The service cannot be differentiated and can be replaces by substitutes.

 

The cost of switching from one supplier to another supplier is very high.

 

The customer has awareness about the production costs of the products.

 

Threat of New Entrants.

Strength of Force—Low

In Indian television broadcast industry, new entrants could change major determinants of the market environment (e.g. price, market share and loyalty) at any time. There is always a hidden pressure for reaction and alteration for existing players in this industry. The threat of new entries will depend on the extent to which there are blockades to entry. These are typically

 

High start-up capital is a big de motivator.

 

It is difficult to access the distribution channels for new entrants.

 

New entrant has a number of problems finding skilled employees, materials, and suppliers.

 

Serviceable used equipment is expensive.

 

Long-lasting economies of learning and scale also de motivate the potential new entrant.

 

Economies of scale (minimum size requirements for profitable operations).

 

Limited important resources, (e.g. qualified expert staff).#p#分頁標題#e#

 

Raw materials are controlled by existing players.

 

Threat of substitutes.

Strength of Force—Medium

A threat from substitutes exists whenever there are alternate products with lower prices of better functioning parameters for the same purpose. They could possibly attract an important proportion of market volume and therefore reduce the potential sales volume for existing players. This category also associates to complementary products. Similarly to the threat of new entrants, the substitutes determined by factors like.

 

The relative price for performance of substitutes.

 

Current trends.

 

Customers have to incur switching costs.

 

Also, adequate substitutes are available.

 

Possibly, One Broadcasting medium substitute for the other(movies as a replacement For TV) Pirated content is a decent(and free substitute).

 

Other free time activities could be substitutes (concerts, games, gambling, gardening, sports, and restaurants.

 

COMPETETION IN INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.

As broadcasting is one of the main biggest industries of any country, so like all other industries there is strong competition in Indian broadcasting industry.

 

The entry of newer players in the Indian broadcasting industry has had the positive impact on expanding the overall market.

 

TV Channels indicated a healthy trend, not only the number of channels went up in 2009, but also, there was an increase in advertisement volume inventory which resulted in a growth of 31% in advertisement volumes in the same year. There was a stark increase in the amount of channels with the introduction of Colors, 9X, Real and Imagine in GEC (General Entertainment Channel) genre, where as channels like UTV action movies, Discovery Turbo, Discovery Science, were introduced in the non-GEC genres in 2009 and 2010. The number of channels grew from 389 in 2008 to 461 in 2009 registering an increase of 18.5%. The launch of new channels last year propelled the demand for fresh contents.

 

Key Players in Major Regional Broadcasting Markets.

Andhra Pradesh (Telugu)

Karnataka (Kannada)

Kerela (Malayalam)

Maharashtra (Marathi)

Tamil Nadu (Tamil)

Gemini TV

 

Teja TV

 

Eenadu TV

 

Maa Telugu

 

Zee Telugu

 

Udaya TV

 

ETV Kannada

 

Udaya Movies

 

Zee Kannada#p#分頁標題#e#

 

Asia Net

 

Surya TV

 

Asianet Plus

 

Kiran TV

 

Kairali

 

Amrita TV

 

Zee Marathi

 

ETV Marathi

 

Zee Talkies

 

Star Pravah

 

Star Majha

 

Sun TV

 

Kalaignar TV

 

KTV

 

Vijay TV

 

Jaya TV

 

Raj TV

 

Zee entertainment, Sony Entertainment, Star TV, Doordarshan, and NDTV are the major player in the country

 

MARKET SHARE OF INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY:

Market share in Indian economy the service sector was drastically increased up to 2007 after words it decreased to 5.5% because of IT fall in India.

 

In service sector the portion of media broadcasting was slowly increased in the year 2008 due to the floods and elections the media broadcasting industry was increased.

 

The swift growth and change in the television broadcasting sector is composed of several essential characteristics: the emergence of mega global communication companies as a result of merger and acquisitions; privatization of existing broadcasting companies; the relaxation of foreign ownership restrictions; corporate investment in newer media such as cable and satellite television; and transnationliztion of advertising and its convergence with communication empires to create a demand for and to promote cultural products and other industries such as consumer goods and services.

 

GROWTH OF INDIAN TEEVISION BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.

The Indian television broadcasting industry had be seeing robust groth since 1980s and year 1991-1992 saw decreae in the growth of this industry, and after liberalization it again starts to growing. Indian TV consists of television distribution, advertising content and other services has reported a compounded annual growth rate(CAGR) of 13.8% over the period of 2005 to 2009 increasing to Rs 26,550 crores according to industry estimates. The industry continues to remain at an attractive mode of entertainment because of its reach and penetration.

 

KEY CHALLENGES FOR INDIAN BROADCASTING.

1. Digitalisation - The slow pace of digitization is a main challenge for the industry. Digitization would bring about transparency and address ability in TV distribution and is the need of the hour.

 

2. Compelling content - Indian audience is looking at new content the key to attract more viewers’ can be done by building quality content.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

3. Talent Cost - Managing these costs would be the major challenge.

 

4. Low ARPU’s and high customer acquisition.

 

5. Lack of sophisticated measurement tools for measuring.

 

FUTURE OF INDIAN BROADCASTING INDUSTRY.

Television broadcasting in India had an urging past, grew with creation, innovation and popular cultural influence. As it is coming in of age mid-20th century, the generations of TV audience has happily clinched their broadcasting experience. For the industry, building a connection with consumers was a pretty straightforward, one-to-many experience until recently.

 

The Television industry is experiencing a flock of fresh channels being launched almost every year. TV is also piercing into the rustic areas and is a promising segment. Houses with televisions are likely to grow from 112M to 200M in a a small number of years.

 

Current size: Rs 14,800 crore

 

Projected size after 2 years: Rs 42,700 crore

 

CAGR(compounded annual growth rate): 24%

 

Indian television broadcasting has become the third largest country in television broadcasting market today and cable penetration is expected to grow at a higher rate. Now more that 350 channels are available for the TV viewers today..

 

It is found that almost 40percent of households in India are still without television connections which is actually highlighting the scope of growth in the broadcasting industry in near future. Almost all the revenues generated in the television broadcasting industry is through advertisements, followed by subscriptions. Advertisement market in India is currently valued at 1,067 million US dollars and is expected to grow at a higher rate with the increase in number of channels and TV viewers. In the next five years the subscription revenues are floating to be the important growth driver of the Indian television broadcasting Industry.