英國(guó)留學(xué)生金融dissertation代寫(xiě)（British students financial essay writing）-Two British first financial "big bang" (a)

Thatcher government and first financial big bang

By the government to promote the comprehensive management on financial is the characteristic of financial liberalization

 According to the statistics of the bank for international settlements, London has long been foreign exchange trading volume in the world's largest city, not only New York and Tokyo's main foreign exchange business from it, and eastern Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East and other areas of foreign exchange business also gathering in this, and is worthy of the name international foreign exchange center. However, after the second world war, Britain pushed the nationalization of Europe's most extensive plan, implement strict government control, the city of London financial business thus gradually began to depression left out in the cold.

Margaret thatcher in power, the output value of the financial services industry to England though 15% of GDP, but if not sweeping reform, London will lose its status as the world financial center, the British economy will therefore suffer big losses. More important is: reform can dramatically improve the financial market function and efficiency, a big ruling for thatcher privatized state-owned enterprise to provide program-service. Privatization is the main channel through securities market to private enterprise and the public state-owned shares sold.

Then, on October 27, 1986, thatcher has launched a large-scale financial reform. The reform of the financial system not only British tradition has strong impact, but also to the world the development of the financial industry has also had a major impact, they call it "financial big explosion". "Big bang" soon triggered global financial liberalisation.

This time, the British financial sector reform is the core content of financial services liberalization:

"Cancel brokers and dealers two functions of each other and not regulation, agent played each other with agent of, let go of exchange membership limit,

"Cancel the minimum fixed commission securities trading limited, a securities transaction agency commissions liberalization;

"Cancel the exchange member holds the limits of the stock exchange members, all financial institutions are may participate in the activities of the stock exchange;

"Abolish the financial investment control, Banks began to provide including securities business, such as a comprehensive financial service. A regulatory, the bank of England will supervision of the banking industry function over to Britain's financial services regulatory bureau.

The UK's financial "big bang" demolished the British home and overall commonwealth countries separated operation of the financial system, promoting the merchant banking and stock brokerage business fusion, and commercial Banks and investment Banks with each other. The British business bank mergers and acquisitions in securities brokers, gradually emerging a group of super financial institutions, and business areas covers the banking, securities, insurance, trust, and other aspects, be similar with Germany almighty financial group.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

Like thatcher revolution which global market reform tide, the city of London financial "big bang" triggered global range of financial liberalisation.

英國(guó)留學(xué)生金融dissertation代寫(xiě)（British students financial essay writing）--Japanese: "Tokyo financial big bang"

Japan's financial liberalization reforms to the British directly sample, called "Tokyo financial big explosion". This is short-lived Japan hashimoto cabinet on April 1 in 1998 of the start, its core is the financial control by relaxing and to promote the financial liberalization. Tokyo financial big bang's main legal basis is the foreign exchange administration law and the Japanese Banks ". Main content is Japan will relax foreign exchange trading restrictions, foreign exchange transactions is not limited to the chartered bank, even the super market also can be engaged in currency exchange. Japan's financial industry official to free competition.

-the United States: the financial service modernization act

At this time, the United States is also the deregulation of the liberal reform. In Britain "big bang" inspiring, of a landmark "Gramm-Leach-Bliley financial services modernization act in on November 13, 1999 through the.......

After all over across to liberalization for the purpose of financial "big bang", the financier of creative is released, the financial industry organization form the great changes, all kinds of financial products emerge in endlessly, the global financial industry welcomed the prosperity of the 1990 s, and become the promoter of the revolution in information technology.

Two British first financial "big bang" (2)

-Tony Blair government and the second financial big bang

The government to promote unity of financial supervision in is the characteristic of financial integration

In the rapid development of the financial globalization today, developed the financial industry to bring Britain huge profits, so that the UK economy keep it the important position in the world economy. The traditional English financial regulatory system is complex, has nine examination and approval and regulatory agencies

The main legal basis have 6 ~ 7 (see figure 1: Britain, have old financial regulatory system).

These regulators in financial institutions under the condition of the separate operation a proper role. But along with the development of the financial industry management mode, the bank began operations of securities, insurance, housing funds expand business, into the investment Banks; And the insurance company also development finance industry, and bank of traditional business competition. The traditional regulatory framework is becoming more and more not adapt to the needs of the development of the situation.

In the 1970 s, British financial institutions handling business started "mixes industry the management". In the 1980 s, foreign financial institutions to start a big push in the financial markets, the UK's financial enterprise also out of the country and overseas to expand the business, financial market competition becomes increasingly fierce.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

In this case, the British financial regulatory system in the original of the financial industry management efficiency increase and function expansion has formed barriers. But, modify the financial regulatory framework involves to many interests, traditional habits are also very difficult to change, so Britain even witnessed the first "big bang", but the financial regulatory reform has not big progress.

Until the 1980 s and 1990 s a number of events (see material), it cause the government to take major reform measures.

In 1997, the leadership of the Labour government came to power Blair after the ruling to promise: reform of the financial regulatory system, and make the inflation target to guard against financial industry growing system risk, to ensure that the financial industry to the benign economic role.

This reform of main measures are:

-will determine the base rate and realize the responsibility of inflation targets from government turned to the bank of England, the bank of England is given the power of independent monetary policy;

-bank of England supervision of the banking industry will be handed over power to the hkma, according to the agency and form the supervision according to the pattern of the supervision function.

This reform have triple purpose:

A is for financial regulators more independent, the influence of the change from the government;

The other is to make the central bank is responsible only for monetary policy and control inflation, financial supervision is solely responsible for the financial market stability, without interfering with each other, the responsibility of clear;

3 it is unified financial activities of the standard, according to the risk classification, whether Banks, insurance companies, housing fund or securities company, similar to the same kind of law and activities supervision.

In 2000, Britain's new financial-the 2000 financial services and approach "to sign on, the UK's financial regulatory reform has also made the significant breakthrough. In November 2001, the details of the new financial legal framework to come. From December 1, the new financial law and its rules to carry out, the UK as the world's first unified financial supervision countries (see figure 2: Britain, have new financial regulatory system).

英國(guó)留學(xué)生金融dissertation代寫(xiě)（British students financial essay writing）--Material: the second big bang period

"Two events:

1988: Britain's international trade and credit bank almost bankrupt.

1995: Britain's old barings bank Singapore branch management system for the loopholes in major investment losses and into the verge of bankruptcy, and was the Netherlands bank to the price of $1 purchase.

"The central bank supervision by bank's financial activities have some inherent evils: the bank of England's main responsibility is to the stability of the monetary policy, which objectively exists only pay attention to monetary policy and neglected the supervision of financial business bank may, especially when monetary policy and banking liquidity demand produced between goal conflict, it is more outstanding.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#

"Bank business after broaden, making the competition between Banks to upgrade.