在國(guó)際EPC模式下BIM模式的建設(shè)解析Analysis of the construction of model BIM based on EPC model
06-13, 2014
1.The concept and application of BIM
1 BIM的概念及運(yùn)用
BIM is building information modeling (Building Information Modeling) abbreviation. Building information model integrated geometry model of the information, functional requirements and performance of all components, use of all information of the whole life cycle of a cover model building separate buildings within the project, including the process of information, such as the construction progress, construction process, management process.
BIM即建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling）的簡(jiǎn)稱。建筑信息模型集成了全部的幾何模型信息、功用需要及構(gòu)件功用，運(yùn)用一個(gè)獨(dú)自的建筑模型包括建筑項(xiàng)目全壽數(shù)周期內(nèi)的全部信息，包括進(jìn)程信息，如施工進(jìn)度、締造進(jìn)程、維護(hù)處理進(jìn)程等。
2.Application status America 2 BIM and problems
2 BIM我國(guó)運(yùn)用的現(xiàn)狀以及存在疑問(wèn)
2.1 Fuzzy internal awareness of BIM location of the construction industry
2.1 建筑職業(yè)內(nèi)部對(duì)BIM的曉得定位迷糊
USA lack of standard on the BIM, there are differences of each company's understanding of BIM, restricted the development and application of BIM in the USA. Construction enterprises America did not fully aware of the strategic importance of BIM application, the lack of long-term systematic planning. Failed to make full use of BIM to establish the difference between the enterprises and other enterprises, in order to grasp the strategic opportunity. The characteristics of BIM application is not sufficient, including: BIM application scope, difficulty and working together. Not exactly on time cost accounting, BIM need is interdisciplinary knowledge integration and project experience, from the use of BIM modeling in inside the industry productivity is a system engineering.
我國(guó)短少關(guān)于BIM的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各公司對(duì)BIM的知道存在不合，制約了BIM在我國(guó)的開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)用。我國(guó)的建筑公司沒(méi)有充分意識(shí)到BIM運(yùn)用的戰(zhàn)略意義，短少長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的系統(tǒng)的方案。沒(méi)能充分運(yùn)用BIM樹(shù)立本公司與其他公司之間差異，以此來(lái)把握戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇。對(duì)BIM運(yùn)用的特征不可充分，包括：BIM運(yùn)用的廣度、難度以及協(xié)同工作等。對(duì)時(shí)刻本錢的核算不精確，BIM需要的是跨專業(yè)知識(shí)的結(jié)合以及項(xiàng)目閱歷的堆集，從運(yùn)用BIM建模到內(nèi)職業(yè)內(nèi)部構(gòu)成生產(chǎn)力是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程。
2.2 the completed project information loss
2.2 已完工程項(xiàng)目信息丟掉嚴(yán)肅
Various problems in the BIM implementation of the lack of effective response measures, the construction process of the past information management is not in place, lots of data loss for the implementation of America today the formation of BIM obstacle. Enterprises in the application of BIM, due to the lack of the surrounding the finished project information, lead to BIM application difficulty greatly enhance. If you insist on the application of BIM, we need to obtain the finished project site information, and to obtain the information time, the economic cost is enormous, it will make many enterprises to give up the use of BIM.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
2.3 America building enterprise application of BIM in the external environment is not mature
The relevant laws of the state is lagging behind; the land at all levels of government and relevant departments of Finance under focus land revenue, pay attention to image project and individual performance, and information management of construction enterprises to bear fruit relatively slow to promote a lack of sufficient attention; lack of long-term planning and investment in capital, technology, communications infrastructure construction; construction of enterprise informatization major or the stand-alone operation, no network formed in the internal construction of modern enterprises American; lack of independent research and development of BIM software, compared with the developed countries in the development of the software is far behind.
2.4 low level of project management
A serious lack of Project Manage Company during the whole process of professional and lack of compound talents.
Project management management mode and management concept are in a backward state. The majority of management mode and traditional design bid build mode (DBB mode), this mode is not suitable for BIM promotion. Therefore, extensive management mode of traditional BIM, obviously with high green, environmental protection concept conflict.
To promote BIM 3 EPC general contract mode
3.1 design.
The designer can make large scale, time is tight, the complexity of the design work easier, using various features of the BIM model can be analyzed, simulated and optimized design of various properties of different stages (such as sunlight, wind, thermal, environmental landscape visibility, noise, energy consumption, emergency treatment, cost), the best performance determination of building, the design level of the overall project is fundamentally improve.
3.2 the construction side
Listed construction enterprise public information Shanghai construction, three former Chinese building 2010 quarter profit rates were 1.35% and 4.9%, at the same time the real three former China Vanke quarter profit rate is 22.38%, mechanism design of Donghua science and technology 12.12%. The reality is the existence of such a general trend in the numbers: in order to win the market support, construction enterprises as close as possible to the financial statements of profit rate is high, and the developers and design units in order to realize the benign development is as close as possible to the profit rate is low. That is to say, the actual profit construction units may be even lower than the figures, but the actual profits of real estate developers and design units of the rate is probably higher than public figures.
In the construction design support can radically reduce the construction cost, shorten the construction period, improve quality, and the design and construction phases complete construction information can be reserved for the owners in the construction operation and maintenance to lay a solid foundation, fundamentally changed the loss of traditional information management of information brought by the serious situation.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
The design of 3.3 EPC under the mode of Party and construction of Party
The design and construction of party as a coalition in the EPC general contracting mode, design through the application of BIM to radically improve the performance of buildings, improve production and management efficiency, it can reduce the construction cost and increase the profit rate of construction stage design fee from the construction stage outside income; the construction is through in the design of support radically reduce the construction cost of the construction phase of the profit rate. That is to say, design in EPC mode and construction as a whole can achieve mutual benefit and win-win situation, the interests of promoting can provide a powerful impetus for the generalization and application of BIM. This model is also suitable for American overall requirements of current construction project development.
4 in the EPC general contracting mode to speed up the relevant recommendations BIM promotion
Enterprise reform 4.1 design units
Due to the strength American strong core design institute, design institute informationization is the construction enterprise development, enhance competitiveness, market development. Design Institute should deeply aware of building information models in each stage of future architectural construction projects in the increasingly important role. Managers should fully realize the real let BIM become productive forces is a long-term systems engineering, requirements of informatization enterprise in the team structure, the continuous improvement of cooperation mode and business services. At the same time, according to its own strength information construction design institute, according to the present stage and not all of the design institute has the capability of using BIM, the Design Institute of different scale should formulate and implement effective development strategy:
(1) the internal integration of resources, accurate positioning. Management should from the cultural system, management mode, management strategy, a comprehensive understanding of enterprise and realize accurate positioning information and, with BIM as the core should be based on this, in order to BIM to provide for the future development of the enterprise core competitiveness.
(2) developed BIM total goal to promote the use of and stage target. Promote the use of building information modeling is a dynamic, long-term process, therefore, the design unit in the process of implementation of the strategy to have a general target. At the same time, combined with the management process, technical features to divide the goal to promote the use of stage BIM. The total target should include: strengthening the Design Institute in different departments of communication with BIM as the core; to improve the quality of service; reform the management mode, improve the production efficiency. The stage goal include: increasing investment to BIM as the core of the information, the establishment of network equipment based on BIM as the core, such as computer hardware facilities; database, network, information application software system and so on; based on the network, to achieve internal, external to the building of information sharing, adjust the enterprise management and organization the structure model, and make the information system adapt to.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
4.2 set up a special package department
Design Institute set up a batch of experienced, the strength of the specialized project management department. Only the master management method, management, management mode, management procedures can be very good to the implementation of BIM and advanced management mode, integration. Have the relevant qualification, have rich experience in project management, can use BIM maximum in EPC mode to enhance the value of building products. America has many excellent design institute can organize the professional engineering general contracting department, the design institute has professional and technical, engineering experience and advanced management concept, so as to give full play to the value of BIM in the construction project life cycle to lay a solid foundation, take the lead in the implementation of BIM can be adequately protected in the fund and the technical aspect in this enterprise, at the same time, excellent management team to adjust management pattern which matches with the BIM application process. Can be contracted to build the business at any stage of the construction of the entire life cycle.
4.3 professional training
Cultivating the compound type talents. Perfecting and strengthening the training and qualification certification system to promote the project management personnel of the. Speeding up the project management professional examination and qualification certificate and other related systems in America. Government departments and companies to hire qualified project managers; colleges and universities should strengthen the construction of cross discipline, set up to adapt to the new subject of social development, a compound talents targeted training professional high-quality, professional BIM team to build the future of direct delivery personnel. In the academic field, strengthen project management related disciplines of academic exchange and research, drawing on the advanced concepts developed in the project management of.
5 Conclusion
BIM as a widely used IT technology using the latest achievements of the generation in construction field and the EPC general contracting mode in the international market, brings hitherto unknown force for USA construction enterprises enter the international market. This paper mainly discusses the application of BIM in American based on the current situation and the main problems encountered, put forward to accelerate the popularization and application of BIM in the EPC general contracting mode, in this mode on the technological diffusion of BIM role, can drive the development of BIM technology makes full use of the market mechanism of spontaneous, standard system of self perfect. The application and popularization of BIM in the whole life cycle of the whole construction industry and construction.
1 BIM的概念及運(yùn)用
BIM is building information modeling (Building Information Modeling) abbreviation. Building information model integrated geometry model of the information, functional requirements and performance of all components, use of all information of the whole life cycle of a cover model building separate buildings within the project, including the process of information, such as the construction progress, construction process, management process.
BIM即建筑信息模型（Building Information Modeling）的簡(jiǎn)稱。建筑信息模型集成了全部的幾何模型信息、功用需要及構(gòu)件功用，運(yùn)用一個(gè)獨(dú)自的建筑模型包括建筑項(xiàng)目全壽數(shù)周期內(nèi)的全部信息，包括進(jìn)程信息，如施工進(jìn)度、締造進(jìn)程、維護(hù)處理進(jìn)程等。
2.Application status America 2 BIM and problems
2 BIM我國(guó)運(yùn)用的現(xiàn)狀以及存在疑問(wèn)
2.1 Fuzzy internal awareness of BIM location of the construction industry
2.1 建筑職業(yè)內(nèi)部對(duì)BIM的曉得定位迷糊
USA lack of standard on the BIM, there are differences of each company's understanding of BIM, restricted the development and application of BIM in the USA. Construction enterprises America did not fully aware of the strategic importance of BIM application, the lack of long-term systematic planning. Failed to make full use of BIM to establish the difference between the enterprises and other enterprises, in order to grasp the strategic opportunity. The characteristics of BIM application is not sufficient, including: BIM application scope, difficulty and working together. Not exactly on time cost accounting, BIM need is interdisciplinary knowledge integration and project experience, from the use of BIM modeling in inside the industry productivity is a system engineering.
我國(guó)短少關(guān)于BIM的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，各公司對(duì)BIM的知道存在不合，制約了BIM在我國(guó)的開(kāi)發(fā)運(yùn)用。我國(guó)的建筑公司沒(méi)有充分意識(shí)到BIM運(yùn)用的戰(zhàn)略意義，短少長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的系統(tǒng)的方案。沒(méi)能充分運(yùn)用BIM樹(shù)立本公司與其他公司之間差異，以此來(lái)把握戰(zhàn)略機(jī)遇。對(duì)BIM運(yùn)用的特征不可充分，包括：BIM運(yùn)用的廣度、難度以及協(xié)同工作等。對(duì)時(shí)刻本錢的核算不精確，BIM需要的是跨專業(yè)知識(shí)的結(jié)合以及項(xiàng)目閱歷的堆集，從運(yùn)用BIM建模到內(nèi)職業(yè)內(nèi)部構(gòu)成生產(chǎn)力是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)工程。
2.2 the completed project information loss
2.2 已完工程項(xiàng)目信息丟掉嚴(yán)肅
Various problems in the BIM implementation of the lack of effective response measures, the construction process of the past information management is not in place, lots of data loss for the implementation of America today the formation of BIM obstacle. Enterprises in the application of BIM, due to the lack of the surrounding the finished project information, lead to BIM application difficulty greatly enhance. If you insist on the application of BIM, we need to obtain the finished project site information, and to obtain the information time, the economic cost is enormous, it will make many enterprises to give up the use of BIM.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
2.3 America building enterprise application of BIM in the external environment is not mature
The relevant laws of the state is lagging behind; the land at all levels of government and relevant departments of Finance under focus land revenue, pay attention to image project and individual performance, and information management of construction enterprises to bear fruit relatively slow to promote a lack of sufficient attention; lack of long-term planning and investment in capital, technology, communications infrastructure construction; construction of enterprise informatization major or the stand-alone operation, no network formed in the internal construction of modern enterprises American; lack of independent research and development of BIM software, compared with the developed countries in the development of the software is far behind.
2.4 low level of project management
A serious lack of Project Manage Company during the whole process of professional and lack of compound talents.
Project management management mode and management concept are in a backward state. The majority of management mode and traditional design bid build mode (DBB mode), this mode is not suitable for BIM promotion. Therefore, extensive management mode of traditional BIM, obviously with high green, environmental protection concept conflict.
To promote BIM 3 EPC general contract mode
3.1 design.
The designer can make large scale, time is tight, the complexity of the design work easier, using various features of the BIM model can be analyzed, simulated and optimized design of various properties of different stages (such as sunlight, wind, thermal, environmental landscape visibility, noise, energy consumption, emergency treatment, cost), the best performance determination of building, the design level of the overall project is fundamentally improve.
3.2 the construction side
Listed construction enterprise public information Shanghai construction, three former Chinese building 2010 quarter profit rates were 1.35% and 4.9%, at the same time the real three former China Vanke quarter profit rate is 22.38%, mechanism design of Donghua science and technology 12.12%. The reality is the existence of such a general trend in the numbers: in order to win the market support, construction enterprises as close as possible to the financial statements of profit rate is high, and the developers and design units in order to realize the benign development is as close as possible to the profit rate is low. That is to say, the actual profit construction units may be even lower than the figures, but the actual profits of real estate developers and design units of the rate is probably higher than public figures.
In the construction design support can radically reduce the construction cost, shorten the construction period, improve quality, and the design and construction phases complete construction information can be reserved for the owners in the construction operation and maintenance to lay a solid foundation, fundamentally changed the loss of traditional information management of information brought by the serious situation.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
The design of 3.3 EPC under the mode of Party and construction of Party
The design and construction of party as a coalition in the EPC general contracting mode, design through the application of BIM to radically improve the performance of buildings, improve production and management efficiency, it can reduce the construction cost and increase the profit rate of construction stage design fee from the construction stage outside income; the construction is through in the design of support radically reduce the construction cost of the construction phase of the profit rate. That is to say, design in EPC mode and construction as a whole can achieve mutual benefit and win-win situation, the interests of promoting can provide a powerful impetus for the generalization and application of BIM. This model is also suitable for American overall requirements of current construction project development.
4 in the EPC general contracting mode to speed up the relevant recommendations BIM promotion
Enterprise reform 4.1 design units
Due to the strength American strong core design institute, design institute informationization is the construction enterprise development, enhance competitiveness, market development. Design Institute should deeply aware of building information models in each stage of future architectural construction projects in the increasingly important role. Managers should fully realize the real let BIM become productive forces is a long-term systems engineering, requirements of informatization enterprise in the team structure, the continuous improvement of cooperation mode and business services. At the same time, according to its own strength information construction design institute, according to the present stage and not all of the design institute has the capability of using BIM, the Design Institute of different scale should formulate and implement effective development strategy:
(1) the internal integration of resources, accurate positioning. Management should from the cultural system, management mode, management strategy, a comprehensive understanding of enterprise and realize accurate positioning information and, with BIM as the core should be based on this, in order to BIM to provide for the future development of the enterprise core competitiveness.
(2) developed BIM total goal to promote the use of and stage target. Promote the use of building information modeling is a dynamic, long-term process, therefore, the design unit in the process of implementation of the strategy to have a general target. At the same time, combined with the management process, technical features to divide the goal to promote the use of stage BIM. The total target should include: strengthening the Design Institute in different departments of communication with BIM as the core; to improve the quality of service; reform the management mode, improve the production efficiency. The stage goal include: increasing investment to BIM as the core of the information, the establishment of network equipment based on BIM as the core, such as computer hardware facilities; database, network, information application software system and so on; based on the network, to achieve internal, external to the building of information sharing, adjust the enterprise management and organization the structure model, and make the information system adapt to.#p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
4.2 set up a special package department
Design Institute set up a batch of experienced, the strength of the specialized project management department. Only the master management method, management, management mode, management procedures can be very good to the implementation of BIM and advanced management mode, integration. Have the relevant qualification, have rich experience in project management, can use BIM maximum in EPC mode to enhance the value of building products. America has many excellent design institute can organize the professional engineering general contracting department, the design institute has professional and technical, engineering experience and advanced management concept, so as to give full play to the value of BIM in the construction project life cycle to lay a solid foundation, take the lead in the implementation of BIM can be adequately protected in the fund and the technical aspect in this enterprise, at the same time, excellent management team to adjust management pattern which matches with the BIM application process. Can be contracted to build the business at any stage of the construction of the entire life cycle.
4.3 professional training
Cultivating the compound type talents. Perfecting and strengthening the training and qualification certification system to promote the project management personnel of the. Speeding up the project management professional examination and qualification certificate and other related systems in America. Government departments and companies to hire qualified project managers; colleges and universities should strengthen the construction of cross discipline, set up to adapt to the new subject of social development, a compound talents targeted training professional high-quality, professional BIM team to build the future of direct delivery personnel. In the academic field, strengthen project management related disciplines of academic exchange and research, drawing on the advanced concepts developed in the project management of.
5 Conclusion
BIM as a widely used IT technology using the latest achievements of the generation in construction field and the EPC general contracting mode in the international market, brings hitherto unknown force for USA construction enterprises enter the international market. This paper mainly discusses the application of BIM in American based on the current situation and the main problems encountered, put forward to accelerate the popularization and application of BIM in the EPC general contracting mode, in this mode on the technological diffusion of BIM role, can drive the development of BIM technology makes full use of the market mechanism of spontaneous, standard system of self perfect. The application and popularization of BIM in the whole life cycle of the whole construction industry and construction.
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