Project Management for 2012 Olympic Games
2012年奧運會的項目管理

1.0 Executive Summary  執行摘要

The main purpose of this project is to create an overall plan for the 2012 London Olympics. This project comprises the management aspects of the Olympics, the objective of the plan, its deliverables, milestones, scope, problems that might happen during holding the game and measures to solve problems.

這個項目的主要目的是為2012倫敦奧運會做總體規劃。該項目包括奧運會的管理方面，該計劃的目的，成果，里程碑，范圍，舉辦運動會過程中發生的問題的解決辦法。
 

As we all know, Olympic game is a worldwide events that almost all countries will take part in it and try their best to realize their goals in the sport field. So people from all over the world will come to London to enjoy the game and cheer for their own country’s players.

我們都知道，奧運會是一個世界性的事件，幾乎所有的國家都會參加并努力實現他們在運動場的目標。所以人們從世界各地到倫敦來享受奧運會，為自己國家的選手喝彩。
 

It is the third time that London holds the Olympic Games. So more attention is paid on it, more pressure will put on us. In order to make the 2012 Olympic Games a milestone in our history, more efforts and considerable plans are needed for the success of the game.

這是倫敦第三次舉辦奧運會。所以更多的關注會給我們更多的壓力。為了使2012奧運會成為我們歷史上的一個里程碑，奧運會的成功舉辦需要更多的努力和大量的計劃。
 

Just as the old saying goes, if you fail to make a plan, you are planning to fail. For the sake that they will have a good time when enjoying the game, doing a concrete plan is to have a rough idea about how to act when emergencies take place or how to relate the one who are responsible for the sudden accidents.

正如老話說的那樣，如果你不能做一個計劃，你就是計劃去失敗。因為他們將有一個享受比賽的美好時刻，做一個具體的計劃是一個粗糙的想法如何行動，或如何對突發事故負責。
 

As we all know, holding a worldwide Olympic games are related to many aspects and may confront species of problems either in the macro-lever or in the micro-lever. Or problems caused by controllable factors or uncontrollable factors. In this report, just problems in the macro-lever and uncontrollable ones are mentioned.

我們都知道，舉辦世界奧運會無論在宏觀上還是在微觀水平會涉及到很多方面可能遇到的問題。由問題的可控因素和不可控因素引起。在這份報告中，提到的僅僅是宏觀和不可控的問題。
 

In order to guarantee that London will lunch the most successful game in the history, several possible problems are put forward in the report. First, plan is just plan, and situation is situation, we can not control the environment, so it is hard to act based on the plan. Second, weather is uncontrollable, and crowned people together may arouse many social problems, for example, traffic jams, disease infection and something like these. Third, holding an Olympic games is related to many departments, so it is really a hard job to coordinate each department with harmony.#p#分頁標題#e#

According to the problems, some corresponding measures are also carried out to solve or mitigate or avoid the problems.

Just that plan is plan, according the strategies, this plan also design an action plan which specifies the According the strategies, this plan also specify activities in the plan to achieve the goals, including several sub-tasks to assist the successful lunching of the plan.

2.0 Introduction  引言

In 2005, London was given the chance to hold the 2012 Olympic Games. (Chris, 2007) It is an honor to hold such a great game because Olympic Games held by the international Olympic committee are a worldwide comprehensive game. It is the largest and highest athletic game in the world which is held every four years. The thirtieth summer Olympic Games will be held in London, it is also the third time that London holds such a worldwide Olympic game after 1908 and 1948.The game will be opened at Stratford stadium in the east of London on July 27 and closed on August 12.Since then there has been a mascot for every Olympic games, London Olympic games also has its mascot. Wenlock is the mascot for 2102 London Olympic Games, which represents strong relationship between Olympic Games and London, for it is named after the prototype of modern Olympic Games in 1850.the main part of the Olympic emblem is the number of 2012, which also includes the Olympic five rings and the letter London. The emblem symbols vigor, modern and flexible. it also gives us an image of colorful world, where people are no longer living in a still environment. All in all, the Olympic Games is a worldwide game, people all over the world will come to enjoy it.

3.0 Statement of Problems  問題聲明

3.1 Plan

Project does not just happen as what they have planned. In addition, when holding the Olympic games, there are so many people and uncertain situations that it is impossible to do our work just like what we have planned before.

3.2 Risk

Weather may have influence on the participants and make them not to work properly，for example, equestrian events and other outdoor games. (Managing the effects of the weather on the Equestrian Events of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2006)

3.3 Health and Safety

Crowds of people in such a worldwide game are simple, large demand of buses or other transportation is unavoidable, as a result, bacterial will exchange and infect others. Besides, buses will emit more exhaust gas .when emerging in such environment; people are easy to get hurt.

3.4 Financial

By holding Olympic Games, it will construct more hotels and road to meet the demands, the government need to spend much more money on the construction of the facility for the Olympic Games. But, the whole revenue of the country is fixed, the more on the Olympic Games, the less on the people’s welfare. It may disturb the usual life of citizens. What’s more, the worldwide games will bring foreign companies to china, thus being a great threat to the local companies.#p#分頁標題#e#

3.5 Reputation

The Olympic Games is live all over the world, we can watch the games no matter where you are. At the same time, if the holders do not arrange the game perfectly, then the watchers will give a negative judgment, as a consequence, it will certainly ruin our image. (Stephen, 2009)

4.0Strategies  策略

4.1 Flexibility of Plan

Projects don’t happen just what they have planned, so all partners in the whole project should develop the plan together not just by a leader. Leaders don not make the plan just in the office, but should go out to collect different opinions of officers, and take them into consideration. Everyone in the team should commit to the plan and has the ownership of the plan, so that they have the right to decide how to deal with it when emergencies take place.(Dov & Thomas, 2004)

4.2 Weather Control

It is a common sense that horses are animals that they also may be affected by the environment or other strange situation, and sometimes it is difficult to recognize it by players because they nearly put all their emphases on the games, so as the host, first ,before arranging the particular time for the Games, a research on the weather and management for the influence of the local weather on the horses’ competition is indispensable, (Managing the effects of the weather on the Equestrian Events of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, 2006) ,and by doing so, the exact and optimal period for the competition can be decided. Weather is uncontrollable, in case that the game will be more successful, an alternative measure that a group of optimal veterinary clinical care to horse should be sent out to solve emergencies, for they have rich experience in dealing with animals. (Christopher, 2008)What’s more, new technology on the weather control should be applied to influence the weather to ensure a good environment for the game.

4.3 Exhaust Gas Control

Three measures are taken to control the health and safety to hold such a game. First, more buses are needed to commute tourists and players in case that they will not be crowned. Second, a limitation of private car is essential to lessen the exhaust gas. Third, it is right to prepare a group of medical workers around the games in case those emergencies happen when watching games. Also, policemen and volunteers are a must because some may loose money or lose their way. By doing these, the game can be launched successfully.(Ting & Dong, 2009)

4.4 Compensation for Local Citizens

It is really a difficult to balance the cost on the construction of facilities and the welfare paid for the citizens. It seems that it is unreasonable to lean to either hand. The most efficient measure to solve the troublesome problem is that the government should make a guarantee to give the local citizens a big preferential price to enjoy the game, or give them some material compensations of this nature.#p#分頁標題#e#

4.5 Report Control

Every coin has its two sides, by being on the scene; it is convenient for people to pay attention to the game being in progress, but on the contrary, just a little thing can create a great disturbance. Bad news travels quickly. In order to avoid such things happen, it is essential to train a group of high quality reporters, and give an appropriate comment on what happened. Besides, no matter what happen, those who take charge of it should stand out to give a judicial explanation and try to solve it with satisfactory results.

5.0 Action Plan  行動計劃

All know that plans do not just happen according what we think before. The plan is just a whole descriptive paper of all possible problems and measures for the 2012 Olympic Games, it does not matter the concrete implementation methods .So in order to make the plan more efficient and usable, a work breakdown structure is being used to make the plan more deliverable.

5.1 Tasks

5.1.1 All Participate in the Construction of the Plan

Everyone take part in the game should know the plan clearly. So a convenient approach to the plan is essential, especially the managers and the volunteers need to have a good knowledge of the plan in their mind. In pubic places, a paper or a short TV show about the plan should be easy to all people. By doing so, all will have the plan in their mind and they can do their work more efficiently. At last, our Olympic games will gain a great achievement.

5.1.2 Stick to the Principle

The principle that all partners’ division is just a small part of the whole work and responsibility belonging to an exact person should be implemented in the whole launch of the plan. Clear responsibility to a just person can make the plan more realistic and deliverable. For example, when an emergency takes place, the exact manager will come to solve the problem, it can save a lot of time on finding the one who takes charge of the situation.

5.2 Sub-tasks

Think a little bit more, in order to make the Olympic Games successful, there may cause three levers of sub-tasks.

5.2.1 Cooperation among Different Departments

Holding an Olympic games is an activity that combines almost every department in the society. But every department has its own interest, and they do their work just to maximize their own benefit or sometimes they may damage others for the sake of their own. So how to coordinate series of departments is a troublesome problem, and may have a direct influence on the result of the Olympic Games.

5.2.2 Security#p#分頁標題#e#

It is possible that terrorist attack may happen when holding larges games. So it is a really serious trial for the committee and all safe securities. A large group of armed police is needed to be assigned all around the bus stations ,public places or somewhere are crowned with people.

5.2.3 Logistics

Different countries have different language and different tastes for food. As the host, in order to make the game satisfactory and unforgettable, delicious food of different countries and volunteers who can speak fluent foreign languages are essential for the game, also common citizens should take language lesson in order to have daily simple communication with foreigners.

6.0 Conclusion  結論

In conclusion, holding a successful Olympic games is a hard work, which includes variety of aspects in the social departments. Therefore, a concrete and deliverable plan is needed to guarantee the success of the worldwide game. For all the managers, because the situation is changeable, and we can not decide what will happen in the near future, empowerment is a right way to practice the plan. All partners should do their decision flexi ably according to the plan. For volunteers; they should be well-known about the plan and try their best to help whose purist help.

7.0 Reference  參考文獻

Christopher, M. R. (2008).veterinary facilities for the equestrian events of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games,journal of pre-Olympic workshop on heat and humidity Lausanne, pages 1-7.

Chris, W. J. (2007).Using evacuation simulations for contingency planning to enhance the security and safety of the 2012 Olympic venues, Journal of safety science, pages 302-322.

Dov, D., Thomas, L. (2004).Plans is nothing, changing plans is everything: the impact of changes on project success, Journal of research policy, Volume 33, pages 1 – 15.

Managing the effects of the weather on the Equestrian Events of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, (2006), retrieved on July 28, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/

Using evacuation simulations for contingency planning to enhance the security and safety of the 2012 Olympic venues, (2007), retrieved on April 2, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/

Stephen, P. (2009). Securing the 2012 Olympics, Journal of info security, Volume 6, pages 12-15.

Ting, W., Dong, X. S. (2009).Assessment of traffic-related air pollution in the urban streets before and during the2008 Beijing Olympic Games control period, Journal of atmospheric environment, volume 43, pages 5682-5690.#p#分頁標題#e#