英國(guó)茶文化dissertation
04-13, 2015
英國(guó)茶文化British Tea Culture
作為一篇關(guān)于英國(guó)茶文化的dissertation，文章首先回顧了飲茶在英國(guó)欄目發(fā)展歷史，通過對(duì)英國(guó)茶習(xí)俗和維多利亞時(shí)期英國(guó)下午茶介紹，以及對(duì)茶與文學(xué)和語(yǔ)言關(guān)系解讀，說明了英國(guó)紅茶文化如何對(duì)世界茶文化發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。
Abstract: Having recalled the history and development of tea in England , through the introduction of the British tea customs , British afternoon tea , and the relation between tea and British literature and the language , the paper aims to illustrate how the British red - tea culture comes into being and its contribution to the world tea culture.
Key words: British tea culture; custom; literature; language
In 1848, the director of Royal Botanic Gardens in John Company, Robert Fortune, came to China. Perhaps, his name itself meant lucky (“fortune” means “lucky” in English). After he came to China, one day, he put some tea tree seed into a portable incubator which made by special glass, and took into the steamship sailing to India from China. Therefore, thousands upon thousands of tea trees began to grow and thrive, developing into large scale tea gardens. However, tea was not extremely welcomed like coffee and cocoa when it was introduced into Europe, until it entered into British Isles which was far away from European mainland. Unexpectedly, British caused the surge of drinking tea, and thereout created a rarity in world tea culture-------British black tea culture.
1.飲茶習(xí)俗Tea Habitude in Britain
Portugal is the origin of tea culture in Europe. Princess Catherine of Braganza brought the ethos of drinking tea into Britain Palace when she married Charles II in 1662. After that, King William III, Queen Anne and most of the nobility were keened on drinking tea, and gradually became fashion among English upper class. In the mid-eighteen century, owning to the time interval of lunch and supper, some noblewomen began to eat dessert, drink tea together, which was described as examples among other people. From upper class to civilian society, kettledrum became more and more popular and formed the distinguishing ethnic feature of British tea culture.
Unlike Chinese people, British like to drink tea regularly and timely. They are accustomed to eat three meals and drink tea two times every day. After working and studying for a long time, they usually stop to rest for 15 to 20 minutes, drink a cup of tea, and eat some muffin. This is Britain’s unchangeable tea break. It can be classified into morning tea and afternoon tea. Generally speaking, the morning tea is served at 11 o’clock, while the afternoon tea is served at 4:00 or 5:00 pm. This custom is originated from Duchess of Bedford who lived in eighteenth century and soon become the most characteristic habitual tea drinking.
2.維多利亞時(shí)期下午茶對(duì)世界茶文化貢獻(xiàn)Victoria Afternoon Tea-----Contribution to the world tea culture
Victoria afternoon tea is an integrated art, simple but not stinginess, flowery but not vulgar. Traditionally, hostesses must use the best room and the best porcelain to treat their guests. Moreover, the leading roles of afternoon tea are Darjeeling Tea and Earl Grey Tea, which are made in India. Shining with snug sunlight in the afternoon, together with meticulous music, Victoria afternoon tea brings you both the delicious food and soul satisfaction.
The etiquette of orthodox British afternoon tea is particularly paid attention to. First of all, the time for tea is 4:00pm (commonly known as “Low Tea”). In the next place, a tuxedo for the gentlemen and a gown for ladies were considered very important in Victorian days. Nowadays, at the annual formal tea party hold in Buckingham Palace, the male guests still have to dress tailcoats, wear gentlemen hats and carry umbrellas, while females need wear formal dresses. Besides, the varied hats which are surmounted with feather are another beautiful landmark. Thirdly, ordinarily, the hostess should wear formal dress and serve the guests in person at the tea party, showing her respect to the visitors. As to the pastry of the afternoon tea, it is usually contained on the porcelain dish which is made up of three layers. We always put sandwich on the first layer, traditional British pastry scone on the second layer, and cakes and fruit tart on the third layer. However, we have to eat from the bottom to the top.
3.茶與文學(xué)Tea and Literature
Like Chinese people, British not only like to drink tea, but also like to “write tea” and “sing tea”. Many famous litterateurs and poet in Britain used to write works about tea. The well-known novelist Austin also loved black tea ardently. In his noted work Pride and Prejudice, many roles such as Bentley, Darcy, Bennett and Elizabeth must drink a cup of tea after meals.
Queen Kalina in Britain loved drinking black tea, and said that tea could make her slim. A poet named E. Waller wrote a poem called Queen of Drinking Tea to her as her birthday gift.
In 1712, another poet Alexander Pope also mentioned in his work The Rape of the Lock:
“Here , thou , Great Anne !
Whom three realms obey,
Dost sometimes counsel take
And sometimes tea. ”
Furthermore, among the works about tea, I like a poem about tea named The Rolland the best:
What tongue can tell?
The various kinds of tea?
Of black and green,
Of Hyson and Bohea ;
With Singlo, Congou,
Pekoe and Souchong ,
Cowslip the fragrant,
Gunpowder the strong.
4.茶與語(yǔ)言Tea and Language
The importance of tea in Britain can also be shown in British language. Along with the increasing demand of tea and the formation of tea culture, it seems that there are considerable tea-related expressions in English. Firstly, it is said that the pronunciation of “tea” is from a sort of dialect in Fujian Province of China.
What’s more, there are many phrases which are related to “tea” in English, such as tea cup, tea caddy, tea pot, tea tray, teapot, tea garden, tea cake, tea dealer etc.
There are many idioms which are made up of “tea” in English. “Someone’s cup of tea” means something you want to pay attention to. When you say,“ That’s not quite my cup of tea”, it means that you really don’t like this thing.
Over several hundred years, drinking tea becomes a kind of habit and a custom after tea was introduced into Europe and Britain. An English playwright once said, “While there is tea, there is hope. When “tea” and “Britain” cannot depart, it develops into the British tea culture. Compared with Chinese tea ceremony, British openness tea ceremony is less remarkable. However, no one can deny that ladylike Victoria afternoon tea, tea drinks and the exquisite English tea set make a great contribution to the world tea culture. To enjoy black tea is to experience British unique culture tradition and her hospitality.
作為一篇關(guān)于英國(guó)茶文化的dissertation，文章首先回顧了飲茶在英國(guó)欄目發(fā)展歷史，通過對(duì)英國(guó)茶習(xí)俗和維多利亞時(shí)期英國(guó)下午茶介紹，以及對(duì)茶與文學(xué)和語(yǔ)言關(guān)系解讀，說明了英國(guó)紅茶文化如何對(duì)世界茶文化發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。
Abstract: Having recalled the history and development of tea in England , through the introduction of the British tea customs , British afternoon tea , and the relation between tea and British literature and the language , the paper aims to illustrate how the British red - tea culture comes into being and its contribution to the world tea culture.
Key words: British tea culture; custom; literature; language
In 1848, the director of Royal Botanic Gardens in John Company, Robert Fortune, came to China. Perhaps, his name itself meant lucky (“fortune” means “lucky” in English). After he came to China, one day, he put some tea tree seed into a portable incubator which made by special glass, and took into the steamship sailing to India from China. Therefore, thousands upon thousands of tea trees began to grow and thrive, developing into large scale tea gardens. However, tea was not extremely welcomed like coffee and cocoa when it was introduced into Europe, until it entered into British Isles which was far away from European mainland. Unexpectedly, British caused the surge of drinking tea, and thereout created a rarity in world tea culture-------British black tea culture.
1.飲茶習(xí)俗Tea Habitude in Britain
Portugal is the origin of tea culture in Europe. Princess Catherine of Braganza brought the ethos of drinking tea into Britain Palace when she married Charles II in 1662. After that, King William III, Queen Anne and most of the nobility were keened on drinking tea, and gradually became fashion among English upper class. In the mid-eighteen century, owning to the time interval of lunch and supper, some noblewomen began to eat dessert, drink tea together, which was described as examples among other people. From upper class to civilian society, kettledrum became more and more popular and formed the distinguishing ethnic feature of British tea culture.
Unlike Chinese people, British like to drink tea regularly and timely. They are accustomed to eat three meals and drink tea two times every day. After working and studying for a long time, they usually stop to rest for 15 to 20 minutes, drink a cup of tea, and eat some muffin. This is Britain’s unchangeable tea break. It can be classified into morning tea and afternoon tea. Generally speaking, the morning tea is served at 11 o’clock, while the afternoon tea is served at 4:00 or 5:00 pm. This custom is originated from Duchess of Bedford who lived in eighteenth century and soon become the most characteristic habitual tea drinking.
2.維多利亞時(shí)期下午茶對(duì)世界茶文化貢獻(xiàn)Victoria Afternoon Tea-----Contribution to the world tea culture
Victoria afternoon tea is an integrated art, simple but not stinginess, flowery but not vulgar. Traditionally, hostesses must use the best room and the best porcelain to treat their guests. Moreover, the leading roles of afternoon tea are Darjeeling Tea and Earl Grey Tea, which are made in India. Shining with snug sunlight in the afternoon, together with meticulous music, Victoria afternoon tea brings you both the delicious food and soul satisfaction.
The etiquette of orthodox British afternoon tea is particularly paid attention to. First of all, the time for tea is 4:00pm (commonly known as “Low Tea”). In the next place, a tuxedo for the gentlemen and a gown for ladies were considered very important in Victorian days. Nowadays, at the annual formal tea party hold in Buckingham Palace, the male guests still have to dress tailcoats, wear gentlemen hats and carry umbrellas, while females need wear formal dresses. Besides, the varied hats which are surmounted with feather are another beautiful landmark. Thirdly, ordinarily, the hostess should wear formal dress and serve the guests in person at the tea party, showing her respect to the visitors. As to the pastry of the afternoon tea, it is usually contained on the porcelain dish which is made up of three layers. We always put sandwich on the first layer, traditional British pastry scone on the second layer, and cakes and fruit tart on the third layer. However, we have to eat from the bottom to the top.
3.茶與文學(xué)Tea and Literature
Like Chinese people, British not only like to drink tea, but also like to “write tea” and “sing tea”. Many famous litterateurs and poet in Britain used to write works about tea. The well-known novelist Austin also loved black tea ardently. In his noted work Pride and Prejudice, many roles such as Bentley, Darcy, Bennett and Elizabeth must drink a cup of tea after meals.
Queen Kalina in Britain loved drinking black tea, and said that tea could make her slim. A poet named E. Waller wrote a poem called Queen of Drinking Tea to her as her birthday gift.
In 1712, another poet Alexander Pope also mentioned in his work The Rape of the Lock:
“Here , thou , Great Anne !
Whom three realms obey,
Dost sometimes counsel take
And sometimes tea. ”
Furthermore, among the works about tea, I like a poem about tea named The Rolland the best:
What tongue can tell?
The various kinds of tea?
Of black and green,
Of Hyson and Bohea ;
With Singlo, Congou,
Pekoe and Souchong ,
Cowslip the fragrant,
Gunpowder the strong.
4.茶與語(yǔ)言Tea and Language
The importance of tea in Britain can also be shown in British language. Along with the increasing demand of tea and the formation of tea culture, it seems that there are considerable tea-related expressions in English. Firstly, it is said that the pronunciation of “tea” is from a sort of dialect in Fujian Province of China.
What’s more, there are many phrases which are related to “tea” in English, such as tea cup, tea caddy, tea pot, tea tray, teapot, tea garden, tea cake, tea dealer etc.
There are many idioms which are made up of “tea” in English. “Someone’s cup of tea” means something you want to pay attention to. When you say,“ That’s not quite my cup of tea”, it means that you really don’t like this thing.
Over several hundred years, drinking tea becomes a kind of habit and a custom after tea was introduced into Europe and Britain. An English playwright once said, “While there is tea, there is hope. When “tea” and “Britain” cannot depart, it develops into the British tea culture. Compared with Chinese tea ceremony, British openness tea ceremony is less remarkable. However, no one can deny that ladylike Victoria afternoon tea, tea drinks and the exquisite English tea set make a great contribution to the world tea culture. To enjoy black tea is to experience British unique culture tradition and her hospitality.
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