印度成功的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者-Ratan Tata

 

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者是指那些在人群中脫穎而出，并發(fā)揮巨大作用的人。好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者不是天生的。如果一個(gè)人有欲望和意志力，就可以成為一個(gè)強(qiáng)大且有影響力的領(lǐng)袖。好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者都是通過一個(gè)永無止境的學(xué)習(xí)、教育、培訓(xùn)和體驗(yàn)的過程中形成的。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一個(gè)過程，在這一過程中一個(gè)人通過影響其他人來完成一個(gè)目標(biāo)，并以一種特定的方式引導(dǎo)組織更團(tuán)結(jié)更具凝聚力地去做事。諾思豪斯（也曾給出類似的定義 “領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是指一個(gè)人通過影響一批人來實(shí)現(xiàn)共同的目標(biāo)的過程”。在執(zhí)行和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)執(zhí)行兩者中只存在一個(gè)區(qū)別那就是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)素質(zhì)。

一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者有一幅關(guān)于未來走向的清晰愿景和構(gòu)圖，并對(duì)怎樣才算成功以及如何去實(shí)現(xiàn)它有著堅(jiān)定地把我。但這還不夠，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者也必須將這些宣傳到個(gè)人并采取行動(dòng)。杰克韋爾奇，前任主席和通用電氣公司的首席執(zhí)行官說，“好的企業(yè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人創(chuàng)造一個(gè)愿景，并明確有力地表達(dá)出這幅愿景，以熱情的態(tài)度持續(xù)地把它完成。”

 

Leader is a one who stands out from the crowd and makes his presence effective. Good leaders are not born. If one has the desire and willpower one can become a powerful and influencing leader. Good leaders are formed through a never ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience (Jago, 1982). Leadership is a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that result obtained is much more cohesive and coherent. Similar definition is given by Northouse's (2007, p3) -"Leadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal". Only one quality differs between the skill of performance and skill of leading the performance is the leadership quality.

 

A leader has a clear vision and picture of where to go and have a firm grasp on what success looks like and how to achieve it. But it's not enough leaders must also share it and act upon it. Jack Welch, former chairman and CEO of General Electric Co., said, "Good business leaders create a vision, articulate the vision, passionately own the vision and relentlessly drive it to completion."

 

A leader must be able to communicate clearly and passionately his or her vision. A good leader must have the discipline to work towards his or her vision single-mindedly, as well as to direct his or her actions and those of the team toward the goal.

 

According to the Bass' theory one can become a leader pursuing three qualities (Bass, 1990) in which the first two explain about the leadership development for the small number of peoples. The theories can be summarised as follows:-#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

 

Trait Theory:-Some personality traits may lead people naturally into leadership roles.

 

Great Events Theory:- A crisis or important event may cause a person to rise and come up with extraordinary leadership qualities in an ordinary person.

 

Transformational or Process Leadership Theory:- People can choose to become leaders and learn leadership skills. It is the most widely accepted theory today and the premise on which this guide is based.

 

One such eminent ethical leader of present India pursuing great and powerful leadership quality in the field of business and management is Ratan Tata.

 

童年-EARLY LIFE

 

Ratan Tata was born in a Parsi family of Mumbai. His parent's names were Soonoo & Naval Hormusji Tata. His parents separated in the mid-1940s, when he was about seven and his younger brother Jimmy was five. Ratan and his brother were raised by their grandmother Lady Navajbai. Ratan is the grandson of the Tata group founder Jamsedji Tata.

 

Tata started his schooling at Campion School and finished at Cathedral and John Connon School both in Mumbai. Ratan Tata completed his B.S. in Architecture with structural engineering from Cornell University in 1962, and the Advanced Management Program from Harvard Business School in 1975. During college, Ratan joined Alpha Sigma Phi Fraternity in 1962.

 

在塔塔集團(tuán)的事業(yè)-CAREER AT TATA SONS

 

After completing the graduation Ratan joined the family business and turned down a job offer from IBM, following the advice of J.R.D Tata, in 1962. He initially worked on the shop floor of Tata Steel, shovelling limestone and handling the blast furnace (Chidanand Rajghatta, 2007). In 1971, he was appointed the Director of National Radio and Electronics (Nelco), which was on terrible and serious situation when he came on board. The company was on loss of 40% and barely had 2% share of the consumer electronics market. However, just when he turned it around from 2% to 25% market share, the emergency was declared. A weak economy and labour issues compounded the problem and Nelco was quickly near collapse again. His mindset of adopting risks in business area gained a new stronghold when in 1991 the legendary J.R.D. Tata was replaced by Ratan and this was not only the change of the old guard but also a definite alteration of the leader and the beginning of the new era for the company. As India's second round of economic liberalisation got underway, the Tata's holding company gradually increased its shareholding in group companies like Tisco (now Tata Steel), Telco (now Tata Motors), Tata Chemicals and Tata Tea. Under him Tata Consultancy Services went public and Tata Motors was listed in the New York Stock Exchange.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

 

拉丹·塔塔在公司中責(zé)任感的增強(qiáng)-ETHICAL VALUES OF RATAN TATA IN GROWTH OF THE COMPANY

 

The board of directors of the Tata Sons Limited appointed Ratan N Tata as a chairman on March 25, 1991. A member of the Tata family is always the chairman of the group. The Tata Group is almost 150 years old. The aim of Tata Group is to improve the quality of life in the society by virtue of integrity, understanding, excellence, unity and responsibility. The entire family known as the Tata Group shares these values. Tata's contribution to India's education, science and technology has been widely documented and respected. Tata has always been values-driven. These values have directly led to the growth and development of the company. The five values on which the Tata has never compromised for are: - integrity, understanding, excellence, unity and responsibility.

 

Tata group is diverged in 7 basic sectors covering many fields related to industry and allied activities namely engineering, materials, chemicals, information technology and communication, energy, services and consumer products. Tata group, India's largest private-sector is now a widely recognised industrial giant in the global economy. Tata group contributed to 2.8% (US$17.8 billion) in 2004-2005 to India's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) which represents a most outstanding example of the entrepreneurial dynamism present among indigenous business groups (Misra, 2000). The revenue for the Tata group touched $967,229 million or $21.9 billion in the year 2005-2006. It currently comprises 96 operating companies, 3 which together employed near about 330,000 people and had revenues of US$28.8 billion in 2006-07. Thus with year, the Tata group expanded and contributed more towards the country's GDP. These statistics are the great example of the dedication of Ratan Tata to his work and in the growth and development of country's economy.

 

In every field the Tata group has been expertise and it has been a symbol of excellence and quality satisfying its consumers. The ethics code on Tata group covers more than financial dealings. There is the question of customers, of suppliers and vendors, of quality in products and services, and of satisfying shareholders. A whole lot of these heads come under the umbrella of the Tata Business Excellence Model, a framework that helps Tata companies achieve their business objectives through specific processes. There are ninety-six companies of the Tata group operating in seven business sectors out of which only 28 companies being listed publicly having a combined market capitalisation of US$47.6 billion that is the highest among Indian business houses in the private sector, and a shareholder base of over 2 million. The financial dealings Group has operations in more than 54 countries and its companies export products and services to 120 nations (tata.com). The Charitable Trust of Tata holds 65.8% of the ownership of Tata group TISCO now called Tata steel set up in 1907 India's first iron and steel plant in Jamshedpur, which is often called Tatanagar. January 2007 can be marked as a milestone in the history of the Tata group in which the company made a successful bid for UK based Corus Group, which was one of the world's leading steel and aluminium producers. After an unprecedented nine rounds of bidding Tata finally clinched the deal. Tata offered to buy 100% stake in Corus totalling to a value of $12.04 billion. It has turned out to be the biggest acquisition by any Indian company. On an interview with rediff Ratan Tata made clear that he is not going to compromise on ethics and values in any terms and conditions (rediff.com).#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

 

Tata Group Chairman Ratan Tata. Photo: Sebastian D'Souza/AFP/Getty Images

 

In the field of the power and energy, Tata Power is one of the largest private sector companies in India and supplies power to Mumbai and parts of New Delhi. Then there are Tata Chemicals and Tata Pigments. In the service sector there are Tata companies dealing with hotels, general insurance and life insurance. Tata is one of the best names in the world of investments and shares.

 

The blue colored logo of Tata speaks for fluidity as well as fountain of knowledge. It can also be seen as a tree under which all are welcome to take refuge.

 

拉丹·塔塔對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)-CONTRIBUTION OF RATAN TATA TOWARDS SOCIETY

 

Ratan Tata has been the first Indian entrepreneur who pioneered and revolutionised the Indian Automobile Industry. One of his most historical and entrepreneurial move was to launch world's cheapest car NANO on Indian road which was also called as 'People's Car'. This is the first small car for rural people costing around Rs 1 lakh. The important reason behind launching NANO is his genuine concern about the Society and his social responsibility. He wants to ensure the safety of million Indian families who are presently riding two wheeler in a group of four or more at a time which is extremely unsafe. He wants to provide them an alternate vehicle which is safe and affordable and that inspired him to launch NANO. In the manufacturing team of NANO all the members were under 35 thus he believed in potential of young India.

 

Tata group has established and financed numerous researches, educational and cultural institutes in India. Some of the institutes established by Tata group are Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Tata Energy Research Institute and Air India (Tata Airlines).

 

The Tata Group has donated a Rs. 220 crore ($50 million) to the prestigious Harvard Business School (HBS) to build a residential building on the institute's campus in Boston, Massachusetts. This new building will be called as Tata Hall and used for the institute's executive education programmes [Dnaindia.com].

 

One of the Tata project for the people who could not drink safe and pure water was developing a compact home water purification device. This purifier was named Tata Swach which means clean in Hindi. The cost of this device was less than 1000 rupees. It is a cost-effective device for the common people of India. The best thing about this device is that it does not require any electricity. So this device is cheap as well as saves money.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

 

Tata has never fallen back in charity about 66% of the company's profit goes to charity. The charitable trust of Tata group fund a variety of projects such as Tata Swach and TCS.

 

The US-educated bachelor lives alone with his two German Shepherds in an apartment Mumbai. He is known to sit in the front seat alongside his driver to go and come from work. Ratan Tata made the Tata Foundation for social causes that include the rural, universal health development, eradication of water scarcity and others. Ratan Tata has awarded with many awards for his indispensable job towards society like the Padma Bhushan and Forbes Asia's Businessman of the Year award.

 

拉丹·塔塔對(duì)孟買26/11受害者的貢獻(xiàn)-CONTRIBUTION OF RATAN TATA FOR MUMBAI VICTIMS OF 26/11

 

Ratan Tata owns the Taj Hotel in Mumbai, which was the target of the terrorists on 26/11/08. Tata has done a lot for the victims of 26/11 which really heart touching for which he definitely owns a salute. All the employers who were casuals for even one day were treated as on duty during the time the hotel was closed and the salaries were sent to them through money order. A psychiatric cell was established in collaboration with Tata Institute of Social Sciences to counsel the victims if in case they needed. 1600 employees were covered with facility of food, water, sanitation, first aid and counselling. Ratan Tata visited the families personally of all the 80 employees who were injured or getting killed. Ratan Tata spent several lacs on a 4 year old granddaughter of a vendor who got 4 bullets in her and only one was removed in the Government hospital than she was taken to Mumbai hospital to recover her fully. Tata has taken the responsibility of life education of 46 children of the victims of the terror. He has made a settlement for every deceased member ranged from Rs. 36 to 85 lacs.

 

結(jié)論-CONCLUSION

 

Tata's business had gone through both good and bad times. He had suffered from much unfair governmental harassment from the Tata Tea case where he was framed by the Assam government to the telecom tangle where he was bullied by an arrogant Dayanidhi Maran. But not once he agreed to pay the bribe. He had always given nearly all of their profits to charity. He had consistently refused to break the law and encourage corruption. When we see Ratan Tata refusing to pay bribes not breaking any ethical values and still raising to a new limits day by day and buying the world's best companies, and reinventing the rules of the car industry then we realise that there is a better way and it's possible to be honest and principled and still beat the rest of the world. He had gained the respect in the eyes of every person in this planet through his work and values.