新數字媒體的本質及其受眾定位

The nature of new digital media and its targeting audiences

 

新的數字媒體是一個相對的概念。它是一種新形式的媒體、報紙、廣播、電視等傳統媒體，后來發展起來，包括網絡媒體、移動媒體、數字電視。新媒體也是一個廣義的概念，利用數字技術、網絡技術、互聯網、寬帶局域網、無線通信網絡、衛星等渠道，以及電腦、手機、數字電視等終端為用戶提供信息和娛樂服務的傳播形式。嚴格說來，新媒體應該被稱為新的數字媒體。以數字技術為基礎的新的數字媒體，以網絡為載體的信息傳播媒體，賦予了新的數字媒體的真實性和質量信息。隨著互聯網、PC和移動技術的發展，其出現以來的內容和受眾都有了很大的擴展。隨著時間的移動到第二十一世紀，隨著PC和手機的普及，新的數字媒體已經實現了前所未有的普及。它已成為傳統電視的主要競爭對手。

 

New digital media is a relative concept. It is a new form of media, newspapers, radio, television and other traditional media, developed later, including online media, mobile media, digital television. The new media is also a broad concept, the use of digital technology, network technology, the Internet, broadband local area networks, wireless communication networks, satellite and other channels, as well as computers, mobile phones, digital television and other terminals to provide users with information and entertainment services for propagation form. Strictly speaking, the new media should be referred to the new digital media. Digital technology as the basis of new digital media, the network as the carrier of information dissemination media, endow the authentic and mass information of new digital media. As the development of Internet, PC and mobile technology, the content and audience of have spread vastly since its appearance. As time moves to the 21st century, with the popularity of PC and mobile phone, new digital media has been achieving unprecedented popularity. It has become the major competitor of traditional TV. 

 

Firstly, it is the development history of new digital media. In the 60 s, rand, Massachusetts institute of technology and the University of California, Los Angeles, to study the dispersion, immortality, the idea of packet switching network, and in 1967 the national physical laboratory developed the first test network. Throughout the 70 s to the rapid growth of the ARPANET easily because of its distributed structure and it became access to a variety of different computers. 1977 other web link to ARPANET new standard "transmission control protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol." In 1984, the United States entered the scene with the national science foundation, set up technology developing rapidly in 1986, 1988, 1990, update links, faster, more shining super computer through the thick, faster links(world wide web). Six basic network domain, abbreviations to represent their address: government (the government), military (mil), education (edu), commercial (com), organization (institution) and net, as a gateway between the networks. Vanderbilt University, said Dana Hoffman, a researcher in 2000 project, the founder of the check Internet statistics, today an estimated 33 million Americans over the age of 16 accesses to the Internet, and use it for the last three months of 22 million. On average, participants spend about six hours a week online. About 85 Internet users are in terms of gender, 90% of men and 15-10% of women. At present, the statistics show that democracy is limited, but the premise is that the computer is becoming more accessible, intellectually and financially we create a global village.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

The difference between traditional TV and new digital media 

McLuhan said, the medium is the message, media technology advances in social development plays an important role in promoting. Therefore, the development of digital media communicators will be centric to the audience as the center; digital media will become a public communication, information, services, culture and entertainment, interaction in one of the multimedia information terminals. According to Laswell’s "Five W" mode, the main characteristics of digital media is as follows: 

1. Communicator diversification: Since the digital mode, unlike analog need to occupy a large space of the electromagnetic spectrum, the traditional analog channel due to monopoly "scarce" led will be broken.

2. The dissemination of the contents Quantification

3. The communication channels of interaction

4. Those who pass personalize

5. The more precise personal information tracking and analysis by more and more convenient online purchase and payment enables technology capable of viewing and predicting users behaviors.  

From the communication point of view to examine digital media, you can not treat it as a purely technical concept, and digital media should be seen as a new means of communication, digital media has changed the traditional media belonging to this sheer mass media a property not only capable of mass communication, but also for precise spread on the basis of mass communication.

 

The current condition of new digital media and the targeting audiences of new digital media

Completed many surveys of various organizations in the past decade or so time to prove and effect appears more and more digital media in the life of the ordinary people, especially teenagers and adults emerging. When the pew Internet and American life project survey the preferences about the technology in 2002, most people claim to give up would be their most difficult equipment fixed phone (63%), followed by television (47%), Internet (38%), and mobile phones (38%). Tracking 2007 study showed that, in contrast, more and more prominent new digital media in people's lives when most participants said they will find it most difficult to surrender mobile phones (51%), followed by the Internet (45%), television (43%) and their landline phones (40%). In the later in the query, 62% of people aged between 18 and 29 think this is the most difficult to give up a mobile phone. The Kaiser family foundation, a recent study claims that notebook computers, mobile phones and ipod by 8 to 18 years old between 2005 and 2010, "bang". Finally, madden, Ryan hart, Duggan, Cortesi, talks a lot of people found that the number of teenagers online is still fairly consistent around 95% since 2006, but now the teenagers more and surf the Internet using mobile technology. Emerging and adolescents and adults have and use a variety of new digital media equipment, their computers and mobile phones to play the most important role in the digital applications and access to a variety of cultivating social communication between peers. Although emerging more and more teenagers and adults have various types of mobile technology, desktop or notebook computer is mainly their new digital media. However, the current trend shows that more and more people in the population of the social network access to the Internet and by mobile technology including mobile phones and tablets. In fact, a report released in 2013 by the pew Internet and American life project, showed that 74% of teenagers think that they are "mobile Internet users" at least once in a while. The flow causes 42% of teenagers visit various social media sites at least several times a day girl and older teenagers were the most prolific these sites. Due to the popularity of this technology, many teenagers and emerging adults experience of strong attraction to the Internet as a "always, always available and ready to play a game, watching video or a user to connect to a network of friends and the community". In addition, teenagers and emerging adults think mobile phone is a very valuable tool to manage their communication with everyone in their life and successfully promote their social relationships. In many ways, teenagers cultivate a kind of "relationship", their mobile phones, because it provides the opportunity for them to participate in major social interactions occur in peers did not care about when and where these interactions occur. In fact, 80% of teens never turn off the phone and 84% of them has already proved that need sleep at some point in time through the new digital media constantly interaction with others. Teenagers and adults emerging use camera phones because of various reasons include (83%), listen to music play games (60%), (46%) and exchange instant messaging (31%). However, SMS has become by far the most frequent and important function of mobile phone use teenagers. Texting is dominant, in fact, is the youth to manage their social interaction. In two studies by the pew Internet and American life project complete solve texting habits of teenagers, the researchers found that 72% of teenagers send and receive SMS, 63% of people said that the U.S. army use SMS every day with other people. In this investigation, they found that moderate number of teenagers from 50 to 60 SMS sending text messages from 2009 to 2011 every day. Sending text messages a day on average the number 14 to 17 years between teenagers actually increased from 60 to 100 over the same period. So almost in the same way their computer or laptop with a constant accessibility information and social networking, mobile phone contact with their peers to them anywhere, at any time. In addition, it could be determined from these data, a new digital media's ubiquitous life of adolescents and adults. In the prevalence of these technologies in their lives is to further illustrate that they feel "lost" or "naked" cell phone. Although teens or twenties, outside of the individual may pay more attention to the speed of technological change and the potential consequences, most teenagers and emerging adults don't make much sense, because the constant contacts and information of the world is their age. Therefore, it is imperative that those of us who are "digital immigrants" and "digital natives" enter a dialogue, to reflect on the integration of new digital media is how to shape its users in both positive and negative.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

People created a new technology is usually are eager to solve a practical problem in the world, and the invention of the hope that they could improve people's activity or experience. Despite the lack of understanding, if there is any technology, which can create some idea of the prompt the user value, activity, or as a result, should be some hypothesis and convey them to the world, since it will greatly change the way of people’s life. This is what that new digital media has been doing in the past decades. It completely changed the way people make and receive media information. 

Neil Postman to prove the existence of these values and assumptions, in these values or assumptions may not always obvious innovators and early adopters, they become more evident with the development of the social customs in the way people use the specific technology. As people increasingly use for some time, its inherent values and assumptions become more entrenched in one of the world and their own understanding, until they become part of their lives beyond doubt. As with any technology, a number of important values and assumptions are with the new digital media into our life, including efficiency, immediacy and constant connectivity. New digital media is not the first technical efficiency of value, but may be most effective. In the 17th and 18th century industrial revolution initially generated a desire for efficiency in modern culture. Inventions make people more efficient in that time, their work much easier.  Postman asserts that Taylor system hypothesis "Lord, if it is not the only, goal is efficiency of labor and human thought". Although Taylor's original intention to hire his system is mainly to improve productivity in the factory, different people his methodology is applied to every aspect of human life. Individuals affected by the desire to develop a more effective method to obtain information, communicate with others, and eventually developed the many elements of the new digital media. As a result, "efficiency become the main standards of success; in other words, doing more with less money, less time and less money, fewer people, or less of the other resources".

 

Conclusion  結論

In summary, as time moves to the 21st century, with the popularity of PC and mobile phone, new digital media has been achieving unprecedented popularity. It has become the major competitor of traditional TV, on the aspects of the development of new digital media, the differences between traditional TV and new digital media, the current condition of new digital media and the current condition of new digital media.  

 

References 參考文獻

Fenton, N. (2016). Left out? Digital media, radical politics and social change. Information, Communication & Society, 19(3), 346-361. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2015.1109698

Menzies, K., & Johnson, F. (2016). Academic attitudes toward new media: An exploratory multidisciplinary study. Information Society, 32(1), 1-13. doi:10.1080/01972243.2015.1107165

MORITZ, E. (2015). The Artist, the Work and the Public in Cyberspace and New Media. Scientific Journal Of Humanistic Studies, 7(13), 123-127.

Elofson, M. (2014). NEW DIGITAL MEDIA: A CONTEMPORARY "ETERNAL FEAR". Journal Of Youth Ministry, 12(2), 33-51.

NEDELJKOVI?, D. d. (2013). DISTANCE LEARNING IN THE CONTEXT OF NEW DIGITAL MEDIA TECHNOLOGY. Elearning & Software For Education, (1), 531-536. doi:10.12753/2066-026X-13-086

Thorne-Wallington, E. e. (2013). Social Contexts of New Media Literacy: Mapping Libraries. Information Technology & Libraries, 32(4), 53-65.