中國的國際活動主辦方
 

Introduction
引言
 

1.1Introduction to the topic
1.1主題的介紹

 

The event refers to the conference, display, major-type activity and some other communality activities. The definition means that a lot of people get together in some certain regions to make the regular or non-periodical communality activities, so as to transmit and exchange information. The event involves in various types exposition, display, large-scale conference, sports competition, cultural event, festival celebration and some other events. Along with the development of society and economy, events becomes more and more popular to exhibit the goods, services, culture and some other aspects. And many organizations would like to participate in the events to show their products or services. Because there will be many consumers take part in the events, and through the events, the organizations can introduce the special characteristics of their items on display, thus there will be more opportunities for the organizations to sell the products.

本次活動是指會議，展示，各大類活動和其他一些共同性的活動。該定義是指很多人扎堆在某些特定區域，以定期或不定期的集體性活動，以傳遞和交換信息。本次活動涉及各類博覽會，展示，大型會議，體育競技，文化活動，節日慶典和其他一些活動。隨著社會和經濟的發展，事件變得越來越普遍表現出的貨物，服務，文化等諸多方面。許多企業想參與活動，展示自己的產品或服務。因為會有很多消費者參與活動，并通過活動，該組織可以介紹自己的展品的特殊性質，因此將有更多的機會為企業銷售產品。

 

1.2 Research objectives

1.2研究目標

 

The objectives of this study are to make a detailed exploration of the history, background, challenges and issues in front of international event organizers in China firstly. Then discuss the management strategies adopted by international event organizers. Thirdly find out the key crucial factors which bring success to some event organizers. Lastly, attempt to give some hints or recommendations for current event organizers and new comers in China event industry and draw implications for future research.

本研究的目的是在中國的國際賽事組織者進行歷史，背景，挑戰和問題進行詳細的探討。然后討論通過的國際賽事組織者的管理策略。第三，找出帶來成功的一些活動組織者的重要關鍵因素。最后，試圖給出一些提示或建議，當前事件的組織者和中國會展業的新來者，繪制未來的研究意義。#p#分頁標題#e#
 

1.3 The primary research questions

1.3主要研究問題
 

Therefore the questions are developed based on the problem statement as follows.

因此，問題是基于如下所陳述的問題。
 

The first question is what is happening in the event industry and the international event organizers in China? The second one is which external factors (macro environment) impact the international event industry and event organizers in China. The third one: what are the international event organizers’ internal factors which have influences on their business performance? The fourth one: what are the international event organizers’ challenges, issues and management strategies?

第一個問題是什么是發生在事件行業和中國的國際活動的組織者？第二個是外部因素（宏觀環境）影響的行業國際盛會和在中國的活動組織者。第三個：什么是國際活動的組織者，影響其經營業績的內部因素有哪些？第四個：什么是國際賽事組織者所面臨的挑戰，問題和管理策略？

 

1.4 Proposed literature search

 

The event industry has always been regarded as a huge business all over the World. Academic researched on event organizers and relevant management strategies are generally neglected. Event organizers are the origins of all events. They are responsible for topic development, planning, event management and get involved with financial risks. Event organizers must fulfill customer needs and offer perfect trade show platform to both exhibitors and customers. Event organizers charge fees from the exhibitors. This study tries to fill the theoretical gap in the literature. In previous studies on event performance, the reasons why visitors and exhibitors decide to attend specific events or not in different locations or the same location but during a different season were neglected. China, as an emerging market for events, was often neglected while the researcher only collected data and information from English-speaking countries or Western Europe. The competition in an emerging market is still on the way. Therefore exhibitors and visitors have lots of choices. This study focuses on these event organizers in the emerging market rather than that in an established market. The goal of this study is to explore event industry in China and the strategies of international event organizers in China and to discuss opportunities and challenges ahead of them.

 

China is an attractive country for many international event organizers to start their event businesses. Little information is written in English about event industry and the strategies of management adopted by present international event organizers in China. Event or conference center constructions are built in nearly every major city all over the world with expenses of billions of dollars. Although some issues on the event organizers are reported in some trade articles, there is still lack of comprehensive studies on the performance of event organizers. But, in fact, the incompetence of event study software like systematic studies and knowledge has badly influenced the new event development in those event and convention centers, which result in performance disappointment both from the investors and exhibitors who are in hope of derive more benefits from the industry. Although China is an emerging market, there is no easy access for new foreign organizers to enter into Chinese event industry, particularly due to different way of thing and cultural differences. The international event organizers share the incomes with local organizers. Local organizers gained more market share by lower price than their foreign counterparts. Oversupply of event centers leads to rental discounts to attract more events which could lead to a lowering of quality as well.#p#分頁標題#e#

 

1.5 The research methods

 

This research mainly choose the questionnaire and interview to collect the related data and information. Before the interview, the interviewer should make the following preparation: to grasp the basic situation and material that relative to the interview content; to look through and report the relative document and the material of history and the reality; to formulate the interview program and outline (Tony, 2008). The interview method concludes two group of different background. One is manager and another one is audience. Both of the interviews are in semi-structure where the questions are listed and ask freely to the interviewee. The interview with audience is however short but is trying to get personal view of attending live event (John, 2002).

 

In order to improve the reply rate of the questionnaire, enhance the effectiveness and the reply quality, the question design should follow the following principle: 1. The objectivity principle, that is the question that designed must tally with the objective reality situation. 2. The necessary principle, that is the question must relative to the investigation topic and the research supposition design. 3. The possible principle, that is the question must accord with the ability of the surveyor to answer the question. The question that surpass the understand ability, remember ability, computing ability, reply ability of the surveyor should not be proposed (Bill, 2000). 4. The voluntary principle, that is the interviewer must consider that whether the surveyor want to make real answer to the question. The question that the surveyor do not like to answer should not be proposed. A short questionnaire is carried out to collect quantitative data from the public's opinion to the enterprises' activity and their market strategy. The questionnaire intends to target respondent who have already attend live event in order to obtain more resourceful information. The questionnaire also tempts to find out the aspects that influencing the enterprise's business strategy. The collected data will analyze the competition methods and measures of enterprise (Michael and Konrad, 2001).

 

It will introduce the definition of the research methods, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. Thus the research can be identified the reliability and validity.

 

Literature Review
文獻綜述
 

2.1The background of international event organizers in China

 

The event industry has a long history in China. And there is full of opportunities, challenges, and competition for the event industry in China market. It is one of the few full-blown industries in China.

 

In the aspect of external environment, China has carried out the reform and open policy since 1978, thus China started to open to the foreign countries. And from then on, more and more industries from the foreign countries began to invest in China’s market. The political policies of China promise the foreign organizations to enter China’s market and make business with Chinese organizations. Along with China’s development, the center government and the local governments continue to make commercial policies and regulations for the foreign business. However, no matter what kind of policy or regulation be made, it is helpful for the foreign organizations to participate in China’s business. Moreover, since China has joined in WTO in 2001, China has made more trade policies for the business, the policies further expand the open degree of China. The policies eliminate more trade barriers for the foreign organizations, and this is helpful for the international organizations to enter China’s market and make the fair business. Along with the development of China’s economy, the commerce develops very fast. Thus the event industry can obtain a good development in the developing China’s market. As more and more organizations in various industries achieve a good development, thus they have enough power to pay attention to the event industry, and choose some successful event organizers to make the exhibition (Stella and Mark, 2000). Therefore, the event industry will obtain a rapid development with the various customers. As China becomes pay more and more attention to the business, thus the organizations start to use various methods to operate the business. As event organizations are the organizations to organize the enterprises to show their products in a place, and appeal many people as the customers to participate in the event. More and more business starts to change the traditional business methods, and make full use of various channels to make the business. As long as the business can achieve their objectives and profits, any kind of business methods can be chosen. Thus the event industry becomes popular in the business. In addition, the business of international event organizations in China can help them to obtain more profits. Because at the beginning of entering the China’s market by the international event organizations, the event industry in the market has not developed, and there are few competitors. Thus the international event organizations can grasp more opportunities in the blank market (Alan, Leo, Oliver, Jenny and Raymond, 2003).#p#分頁標題#e#