近年來，留學所選專業中，商科多年來一馬當先的地位逐漸被逐漸壯大的理工科留學生群體動搖。但是，身為理工科學生，除了要克服極高的語言，即大量英文專業詞匯的門檻，如何寫作專業學術性的科研Assignemnt也成為了一個困難但又至關重要的挑戰。
如何將長時間科研所獲結果融入research report研究報告中？最重要，研究報告或其它科研相關的階段性assignment正式、學術化的提交格式應該是怎樣的？在本篇文章中，我們借用學術網站”NMU Writing Center“的寫作建議，提出一個專供科研向assignment的寫作九部法，希望對同學們的寫作有所啟發。

1. Select a relatable topic (if you're given an option): Choose something you're interested in or curious about.  Researching your information will be more enjoyable and you'll write with more enthusiasm.
1.選擇一個相關的話題(如果你有一個選擇):選擇一些你感興趣或好奇的東西。搜索你的信息會更有趣，你也會更有熱情的寫作。
2. Make an outline: This will give you a "blueprint" for your paper and keep your writing organized.  See the Writing Center's handout on outlining if you need a sample.
2.列一個大綱:這將給你的dissertation一個”藍圖“，讓你的寫作有條理。如果你需要提綱，可以參考寫作中心的講義。
3. Consider a form of prewriting: Try writing note cards out with your ideas on them, or mapping your ideas with a web diagram, or just talking your ideas through by yourself or with a friend.  These steps will help your organization and creativity, which in turn will help you avoid plagiarism. If you are somewhat uncertain of what the paper's focus will be, conducting a broad area of research can be beneficial in narrowing a topic and selecting a specific area of preference.
3.考慮一種預寫的形式:試著把你的想法寫在便簽上，或者用網絡圖來描繪你的想法，或者僅僅是通過你自己或與朋友討論你的想法。這些步驟將有助于你的組織和創造力，從而幫助你避免抄襲。如果你有點不確定dissertation的重點是什么，進行廣泛的研究領域可以縮小主題和選擇一個特定領域的偏好是有益的。如果你需要提綱，可以參考寫作中心的講義。
4. Develop a Thesis: A thesis statement introduces the topic and primary focus of the overall paper. While this can seem somewhat daunting, it is imperative to develop at least a rough thesis before endeavoring to write the paper. It should be noted, however, that a thesis can be manipulated throughout the writing process to better suit the purpose of a paper. Prewriting and research are necessary accompaniments when composing a potential thesis statement.#p#分頁標題#e#
4.發展dissertation:dissertation陳述介紹整個dissertation的主題和主要焦點。雖然這看起來有點讓人氣餒，但在寫dissertation之前，至少擬定一個大致的dissertation是必要的。然而，值得注意的是，dissertation可以在整個寫作過程中進行修改，以更好地適應dissertation的目的。寫作前和研究是必要的伴隨，當構成一個潛在的dissertation論述。
 

1. Use transitions: Transitions should be a mix of the last sentences/ideas you wrote and what you're going to say next.  See the Writing Center's handout on transitions for some ideas and sample phrases.
5.使用過渡語:過渡語應該是你寫的最后的句子/觀點和你接下來要說的內容的混合體。請參閱寫作中心的過渡材料，獲得一些想法和示例短語。
2. Balance your use of paraphrases, quotes, and your own sentences: A higher ratio of paraphrases and your own sentences over direct quotations is the academic ideal (an excess of quotes can compromise the quality of the paper and indicate a lack of understanding and/or effort). When using a direct quote, it will be expected that you know why and how it relates to your topic.  Remember to avoid plagiarism – you need to cite any ideas that do not come from you.  This will include paraphrases, quotes, and even some of your own sentences that are based on ideas in your sources.
6.平衡你的轉述，引用和你自己的句子:較高的轉述和你自己的句子比直接引用的比例是學術理想(過多的引用會降低dissertation的質量，表明你缺乏理解和/或努力)。當使用直接引語時，你應該知道它為什么和如何與你的主題相關。記住要避免抄襲——你需要引用任何不是出自你之手的觀點。這包括釋義，引用，甚至是你自己的一些句子，這些句子都是基于你的資料來源的觀點。
3. Keep a list of your sources: There are few things more frustrating than having to track down a source weeks after you first accessed it.  To save yourself time and potential frustration, keep a running bibliography as you write; cite each source as you use it.  That way you'll have all the information you need right in front of you.
7.列出你的資源列表:沒有什么比在你第一次訪問一個資源的幾周后還要去追蹤它更令人沮喪的了。為了節省你的時間和潛在的挫敗感，在寫作的時候準備一個流動的參考書目;引用每一篇文章的出處。通過這種方式，你將擁有所有你需要的信息在你面前。
4. Know your style standards: Go into the paper knowing whether you're writing in MLA, APA, or another style.  Check a handbook or another reference for in-text citation styles, works cited/references page styles, and heading or title page formats.  Even page number standards change between MLA and APA, so be sure you're familiar with the style and its conventions. You should also be aware of what style edition is required of the assignment; some professors prefer older editions, whereas others utilize the most recent.#p#分頁標題#e#
8.了解你的文體標準:進入dissertation時，要知道你是用MLA、APA還是其他文體寫作。檢查手冊或其他參考文獻的文本引用樣式、著作引用/參考文獻的頁面樣式以及標題或標題頁格式。即使是頁碼標準在MLA和APA之間也會有所變化，所以一定要熟悉其風格和慣例。你還應該知道essay需要什么樣的風格版本;一些教授更喜歡使用舊版本，而另一些教授則使用最新版本。
5. Produce your finalized title last: Titles can be limiting; your writing can stray away from original thoughts.  You can only be sure that your title is tailor-made for your paper if you compose it after the paper is complete.  Note that some writers feel this approach works best for them concerning introductory paragraphs, concluding paragraphs, and thesis statements as well.
9.最后制作你的最終作品:標題長度是有限的;你的寫作可能會偏離最初的想法。只有在dissertation完成后再寫，你才能確定你的標題是為你的dissertation量身定做的。請注意，有些作者覺得這種方法在開頭段落、結束語段落和主題陳述中效果最好。
 

學術dissertation的寫作從來沒有容易之說，所以在文章的最后，小編想對同學們說，本文只是提供一個大方向性的指導，寫好一篇科研向assignment真正的訣竅還是在于多看多練和寫好后的不斷打磨。只有同學們的Assignment寫作能力真正得到提高之后，才能真正整體提高Assignment分數，甚至篇篇沖到A+。