All assignments, from ungraded formative response papers all the way up to a capstone assignment, should include the following components to ensure that students and teachers understand not only the learning objective of the assignment, but also the discrete steps which they will need to follow in order to complete it successfully.
所有essay,從普通的隨堂小dissertation一直到長(zhǎng)篇畢業(yè)dissertation，都應(yīng)包括以下要素。這些要點(diǎn)們不僅可以保證老師和學(xué)生理解的該Assignment題目所涉想達(dá)到的目標(biāo)任務(wù),而且使用分步解析,確保Assignment的成功完成。
Preamble. This situates the assignment within the context of the course, reminding students of what they have been working on in anticipation of the assignment and how that work has prepared them to succeed at it. 
第一大點(diǎn)，序言。關(guān)注dissertation的題目，其置于課程的背景下，提醒學(xué)生他們?cè)赿issertation準(zhǔn)備中需要做哪些工作，以及這些工作會(huì)如何為dissertation的成功鋪墊下基礎(chǔ)。
 

 

Justification and Purpose. This explains why the particular type or genre of assignment you’ve chosen (e.g., lab report, policy memo, problem set, or personal reflection) is the best way for you and your students to measure how well they’ve met the learning objectives associated with this segment of the course.
第二大點(diǎn)，理由和目的。學(xué)生們可以通過思考分析essay的特定類型(例如，實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告、政策備忘錄、問題集或個(gè)人反思等)來衡量他們達(dá)到課程這一部分相關(guān)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)的最佳方式。
Mission. This explains the assignment in broad brush strokes, giving students a general sense of the project, you are setting before them. It often gives students guidance on the evidence or data they should be working with, as well as helping them imagine the audience their work should be aimed at.  
第三點(diǎn)，使命。這是對(duì)essay的大致解釋，讓學(xué)生對(duì)布置在他們面前的項(xiàng)目有一個(gè)大致的了解。它經(jīng)常為學(xué)生提供關(guān)于他們應(yīng)該使用的證據(jù)或數(shù)據(jù)的指導(dǎo)，以及幫助他們想象他們的作品應(yīng)該針對(duì)的讀者。#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
 

 

Tasks. This outlines what students are supposed to do at a more granular level: for example, how to start, where to look, how to ask for help, etc. If written well, this part of the assignment prompt ought to function as a kind of "process" rubric for students, helping them to decide for themselves whether they are completing the assignment successfully.
第四點(diǎn)，任務(wù)。學(xué)生們應(yīng)該將Assignment的寫作看作一項(xiàng)任務(wù)并正確理解，而一份寫作大綱會(huì)大大有益。通過準(zhǔn)備寫作大綱，學(xué)生們可以在更細(xì)致的層面上理解應(yīng)該做的事情，例如，如何開始，從哪里看，如何尋求幫助，等等。
Submission format. This tells students, in appropriate detail, which stylistic conventions they should observe and how to submit their work. For example, should the assignment be a five-page paper written in APA format and saved as a .docx file? Should it be uploaded to the course website? Is it due by Tuesday at 5:00pm?
第五點(diǎn)，提交格式。學(xué)生們必須注意適當(dāng)?shù)募?xì)節(jié)，并遵守相應(yīng)的風(fēng)格慣例。例如，essay應(yīng)該是一篇五頁的APA格式的dissertation，并保存為.docx文件嗎?是否應(yīng)該上傳到課程網(wǎng)站上?