導讀：這是一篇英國assignment范文，討論了意大利歌劇。在19世紀，歌劇的風格是以“浪漫主義”為主，理想主義為代表，在創作手法上還加入了民間藝術作為素材，并增加了抒情的因素。意大利歌劇經歷了幾個世紀的發展，最為成功的歌劇無疑是歷史題材的歌劇，劇情結構逐漸嚴謹并趨向于復雜的發展，以獨唱為主要的唱歌形式，舞臺的布置也基本上實現了機械化，樂器效果豐富和完善。
 
Opera was born in ancient Greek drama. At that time, it had the backup chorus, and even appeared in singing, poetry recitation and other forms. Until the middle ages, the opera had been greatly developed, with the theme of religious stories and the miracle drama with the theme of promoting religious views. In the 16th century, with the arrival of the Renaissance, the real drama of music came into being.
歌劇出生于古希臘戲劇。那時，它有備用合唱，甚至出現在歌唱，詩歌朗誦等形式。直到中世紀，歌劇得到了極大的發展，主題是宗教故事和以促進宗教觀為主題的奇跡劇。在16世紀，隨著文藝復興的到來，真正的音樂戲劇應運而生。
Opera originated from the earliest tragedy in ancient Greece, and this art form is the root of opera. By the middle ages, especially the religious operas at the end of the 10th century, laid the foundation for the production of operas. In the 14th and 16th centuries, the music form of mystery drama and miracle drama gradually replaced the religious drama, and this genre with music, poetry and drama as the means of expression became an important origin of opera.
歌劇起源于古希臘最早的悲劇，這種藝術形式是歌劇的根源。到了中世紀，特別是10世紀末的宗教歌劇，為歌劇的制作奠定了基礎。在14世紀和16世紀，神秘劇和奇跡劇的音樂形式逐漸取代了宗教戲劇，這種以音樂，詩歌和戲劇為表達手段的流派成為歌劇的重要淵源。
The Renaissance had an important influence on the production and development of opera. Mu opera and interlude appeared successively. The latter, which appeared in the 15th century, is a kind of pastoral drama and divine drama interspersed between the various ACTS of comedy at that time, and is the most direct origin of opera.
 
Opera was eventually produced in Florence, Italy, in the late 16th century. The first opera was the pastoral play. It was discovered and created in practice by a group of cultural artists, which is also the product of the famous Renaissance movement. The first opera in the world was "daphne," written in 1597 by the likes of poet nanirich and composer perry cacciini. The first western opera to be recognized was the 1600-year-old composer ding? Perry's "Julius Dixie," which opened up a new era in opera.
 
In the first half of the 17th century, the world's first opera house, the SAN cassino opera, was founded in Venice, Italy, marking the beginning of the democratization of opera. To the general public. By the end of the 17th century, opera was greatly developed and produced several influential epoch-making musicians, such as Bach in Germany, lamu in France, and Scarlatti in Italy.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
The last city where Italian opera developed was Naples, which was the opera of the late 17th and 18th centuries. This kind of opera is mostly based on the fictional heroic deeds and other historical themes, and its influence continued into the 19th century. At that time, "castrated" singers with both male and female power and feminine and bright tones became popular.
 
In the 19th century, the style of opera was mainly "romanticism", represented by idealism, and folk art was added as the material in the creation technique. And added lyrical factor. The operetta of the drama and the comic opera got a certain combination, and gradually developed into the later powerful "the opera" and "grand opera".
 
Italian opera has experienced several centuries of development. By the middle of the 17th century, it was basically set in Venice. The plot structure is gradually rigorous and tends to complex development. Solo became the dominant form of singing; The new bel canto began to take a dominant position: the aria was separated from the narration, and the aria was increasingly valued and welcomed by both the author and the audience. Stage layout also basically realized mechanization, musical instrument effect is rich and perfect.
 
The development and innovation of monteverdi and others in opera creation. The opera changed from simple narrative form to dramatic form, and the theme gradually changed from the pastoral life as the story background to change into tragicomedy. Add more everyday scenarios. They pushed the opera forward a great step.
 
The so-called overture is like the novel prologue we usually read, because the opera is music, so it is called "overture". The overture, in fact, did not have a strong connection with the opera itself at the beginning, but just as a form to attract the attention of the audience before the opening performance, it can make the audience quiet down. Later, overtures became more and more important and became an important part of the opera. It often affects the appeal of the opera to the audience.
 
Interludes occur between the opera act and the act, between the movement and the movement of large instrumental music, the music is shorter. There are two types in general. One is the opera interlude which developed in the 18th century. One is the interplay of instrumental music developed in the 19th century.
 
Recitals are also translated into recitals, used in opera for dialogue and narrative. It's actually "melodic dialogue." It's a soloist between singing and reciting, the best music format in the opera to keep the story going.
 
A duet is an indispensable part of an opera. It has not only the composition of aria to express emotions, but also the function of narrative development. It is divided into duet, trio, quartet, quintet, sextet, sepet, octave and even the simple repetition of nine people. In the opera, resinging is a very effective technique, which enables several people to sing in their own tones at the same time and express the same content or different content through the techniques of harmony and counterpoint, forming a vivid dramatic and three-dimensional effect.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
Chorus is also a form of opera music, which has its special performance function. Chorus sound combination, harmony texture are very beautiful, often unforgettable.
 
Aria is a solo passage in opera. It is a song used to express the emotions of the characters. It is also the main form used to express the singing skills. Aria is the most important form of singing in opera and the best selling point to attract audiences.
 
The reason why Italy has been called the hometown of opera is inseparable from its unique language environment. Among the many languages, Latin is the most singing, so Latin is also the most talented in creating melody.
 
Opera created by people of different characters has different characteristics. Like verdi. His pursuit of humanity. His profound nationalism and patriotic fervor are reflected incisively and vividly in his opera. This makes his works not only different from the brilliant and grand temperament of French opera, but also different from the emphasis on philosophy and romantic spirit of German opera. His pursuit of freedom makes his works full of passion and moving melody. The psychology of the characters is also deeply portrayed. His unique acceptance and transformation of music, as well as his talent, make him a worthy master of Italian opera creation.
 
The changes of time and history have a great impact on the generation and development of everything, and opera is no exception. For example, Italy in the early 19th century is facing the climax of national revival movement, so there is a strong national awareness in the art activities at this stage. In the late 19th century, the unification of Italy was a compromise between the bourgeoisie and the feudal aristocracy, which doomed the Italian people to a more tragic social reality. The turbulent society has led to the "realism" in the art, so there are operas that expose the dark side of the society.
 
Mention of Italian opera, he had to talk about Italian opera three jie, namely zhuo aquino ? rossini, r plug than ? verdi and puccini. Three epoch-making masters have made great contributions to the development of Italian opera and even the world opera. The zhuo aquino ? rossini's works include "willy" the barber, "William ? retreat,", "Othello", "Cinderella", "the girl on the lake, the plug close pyramid," a thief magpie ", etc. Verdi's works include nabco, jesters, La Traviata, the minstrel, masquerade, Aida, Othello and Falstaff. And puccini's works are mainly "group monster dancing around", "based on ? les families", "the artist's career", "tosca", "madame butterfly", "western girl", "turandot" and so on.
 
The birth of Italian opera and its distinctive characteristics have a great influence on the development of music culture in various countries. Opera, as a new art form, quickly became the trend of European countries and even the rest of the world. In the creation style and subject matter content is also increasingly rich, brilliant.#p#分頁標題#e#
 
At the same time, under the influence of Italian opera, a lot of excellent musicians, dramatists and literati emerge, they give full play to their inspiration and imagination. Use the story, the language and the melody. A great deal of opera was produced.

The unique features of opera, such as its grand set and scenes. As a kind of comprehensive art with a variety of artistic means such as poetry, drama, fine arts and dance also developed with the development of Italian opera. Therefore, Italian opera has been favored by many people since its birth, which is inseparable from its unique style.