高等教育中的性別差異
Gender Gap in Higher Education

有一個(gè)問題發(fā)生在全世界各地,但并不是所有人都知道。在高等教育方面, 相比女性更多的男性參加高等教育計(jì)劃并保持他們足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間的學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)獲得一個(gè)學(xué)位。然而，在高等教育上這種性別差異對(duì)于社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響尚未考慮。
入學(xué)速度為男性低于女性高等教育的國(guó)家如加拿大、美國(guó)、奧地利、冰島和挪威,以及英國(guó)
即使申請(qǐng)高等學(xué)歷的男性100%全部被錄取，大學(xué)學(xué)院中更多的依舊是女性。根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),1/3女性更有可能參加高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)。到2020年,據(jù)說(shuō)性別差距將進(jìn)一步增加,有59%的學(xué)生在高等教育研究中預(yù)計(jì)將是女性。

There is a problem that is developing around the world that not all people know about. In terms of higher education, more men than women are enrolling in post-secondary programs and maintaining their schooling long enough to obtain a degree. This gender gap in higher education could have societal and economic implications that have not yet been considered.
The entry rate to higher education for men is lower than for women in countries such as Canada, America, Austria, Iceland, and Norway, as well as the U.K. But even if 100% of men applying to post-secondary programs were accepted, more women would still be attending colleges and universities. Statistics state that women are 1/3 more likely to attend post-secondary institutions. By the year 2020, the gender gap is said to increase even further, with 59% of students in higher educational studies expected to be female.
Before the 1990’s, more men were enrolled in post-secondary programs – and now that trend is reversed. The enrolment growth rate for men is at 8%, while the growth rate for women is at 16%. So why is that? Many people blame cultural trends, such as programs aimed at reversing previous gender inequality by enticing female students. Science and mathematics departments are trying to attract females, and new fields, such as women’s studies, are being introduced.
Another reason why more women are enrolling in higher education could be based on wage inequality. Despite many gains in pay equality, American women are still (on average) being paid less than men. Since men can earn a good salary without a post-secondary degree, they do not feel a need to seek higher education. Women, on the other hand, understand that college and university programs mean higher wages and increased opportunity for them in the job market.
There are a few other theories about why fewer men are seeking higher education. Men are more likely than women to see the appeal of the military and enrol in the army or navy. Also, there are more women in the general population, which could explain why there are more women in university. Finally, men are more likely to enter into general programs, and may therefore be more likely to lose focus and fail to obtain a degree.
So what can be done about this unequal gender representation in higher education? Community outreach needs to be done, as well as better advertisement of post-secondary programs. Equal pay for women needs to be established in the workplace and the drop-out rate of males before college needs to be addressed. Also, stereotyping certain fields as purely feminine, such as teaching and nursing, needs to be stopped so that men have more vocational opportunities.