摘要：這篇dissertation講述了留守兒童的定義，指出了留守兒童的特征，分析了留守兒童這一社會問題所帶來的影響。

關(guān)鍵詞：留守兒童，定義，特征，影響。

隨著是十一屆三中全會的召開，我國正式邁入了飛速改革開放的時代，中國大規(guī)模的出現(xiàn)越來越多的鄉(xiāng)村剩余勞動力向城市涌入的現(xiàn)象。截止2009年10月一日零點，農(nóng)村向城市的移民已經(jīng)達到了2億一千一百萬人。

 “80后”成為勞動力的主體。遷移的主要方向是從農(nóng)村到城市，從經(jīng)濟欠發(fā)達地區(qū)到經(jīng)濟發(fā)達地區(qū)，從中部和西部地區(qū)到東部沿海地區(qū)。隨著農(nóng)民工人數(shù)的進一步擴大，農(nóng)民工的子女也在增加，成為了農(nóng)民工子女的群體，他們中的一些人不能跟隨父母到城市，所以不得不留在家中，和母親或者母親或者是祖父母或者是其他什么親戚住在一起，甚至還有可能自己一個人。我們可以留下孩子們，他們的數(shù)目越來越大，現(xiàn)在，留守兒童的數(shù)量就已經(jīng)超過了5千8百萬人。

Abstract: This paper describes the definition of left-behind children, pointing out the characteristics of children left behind, analyzes the significance of the problem of children left behind.

Keywords: children left behind, definitions, characteristics, significance.

Since the Third Plenary Session, along with increasing speed the pace of reform and opening up, China increasingly large-scale emergence of surplus rural labor to urban phenomenon .2009 at 0:00 on October 1, the national estimate of the number of migrants for the 211 million people.

'80' is gradually becoming the main body. Currently, the basic direction of migration from rural to urban areas, from the economically underdeveloped areas to the economically developed regions, the central and western regions to eastern coastal areas. With continued expansion of the ranks of migrant workers , the number of migrant children is also increasing. groups of migrant children, some can not follow their parents into the city, stay at home, and one of the parents or grandparents or other relatives or children living alone, we call stay children, and their number is huge, at present, the number of rural children left behind more than 58 million people.

During recent years, problems caused by children left government, society, academics and the media attention.

First, the definition of children left behind.

What is a child? Child 'shall mean any person under the age of 18, unless under the law applicable to adults younger than 18 years old.' It is based on the International Convention on the Rights of the Child << >> defined. << CRC >> by the United Nations 20 November 1989 the General Assembly adopted, is the history of the most widely recognized international conventions. << >> CRC explains all children should be given the basic human right to life, to fully develop their full physical and Smart rights, protect them from harm affecting the rights of their own development, as well as participation in family, cultural and social life.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
 

Chinese government in 1992, the Convention on Rights of the Child ratified << >>, and with various people's organizations, international organizations, news media and individuals work together to put the obligations under the Convention on the angle from a simple declaration of intent transformed into improving all Chinese children concrete action plan of life. << >> CRC in April 1, 1992 came into effect beginning in our country.
 

What is behind children? Children left behind by many researchers called the students left, rear children, children left behind, etc., many researchers have different interpretations of children left behind. Most researchers define the left-behind children: children left behind both parents or one of migrant workers by the grandparents, relatives, teachers or friends, and other guardians raising children (Zhou Zongkui, 2005, Duan Rong, 2005, etc. But some researchers do not be one of the parents work outside the home for children classified as left-behind children, for example: Left that is, children whose parents work outside the home while the children stay at home alone (Hayashi, 2003, Peng JL, 2Q04, Wangdong Yu, 2005, Wang Lifen, 2002, which some children with single parents, especially mothers staying together also exist many problems, therefore, for the children left behind this part of the definition of child also should join them. Moreover, the definition of left-behind children of varying ages. argued that child is left behind children under the age of 16, also suggested that left-behind children are children under 14 years of age, but also Some defined as 18 years of age (Ye Jingzhong, 2005, in addition to Wu Ni's Task Force (2004 pairs of left-behind children of the age limit was defined outside (6 a 16-year-old most researchers do not explain them, but left behind the phenomenon and not only from the age of 6, studies and surveys show that many children in infancy began staying experience, and age of the smaller children, stay the greater the impact of their experiences, so the concern for the children left behind, should not be only concerned with children over 6 years old, should be concerned about children under 6 years and even children's condition.
 

Author access to large amounts of data, in accordance with the Convention on Rights of the Child << >>, the left-behind children is defined as one or both parents due to liquidity reasons workers to other areas, the children remain in the domicile and therefore can not live together and both parents age 18 years All of the following children.

Second, the characteristics of children left behind. 

1, the left-behind children is a minor social groups, they are in the process of primary socialization: they are not adults, not completely incapacitated. 

2, the family is the most important left-behind children socialization places, parents are the most important educators. #p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#

3, the left-behind children as children, has unlimited possibilities of development, childhood education and environmental determinants of their future development, but also directly affect the future of the construction of the social order.

 

Third, the significance of left-behind children.

1, the protection of children's health.

Children are 8,9 o'clock in the morning sun, are the future, tomorrow's hope, which is the successor to the socialist modernization drive, however, the process of reform and opening up, the transfer of surplus rural labor to urban phenomenon, appearing stay children, not just some Chinese peasant family, but also a real national event. During this period, children left behind to take the body to solve educational, psychological, moral, security and other issues, otherwise it will directly affect the quality of future population and labor force , thereby affecting the country's prosperity, national rejuvenation and social development of our country is the most populous country, the end of 2011 the population was 65,656 million rural population , Is the left-behind children in rural settlements. Agricultural abundance, is the basis of the farmers rich, the rich countries, rural stability, the Social Security be seen, the majority of migrant workers children left their parents a heart disease, if parents solve the majority of migrant workers to worry about, so they can dedicate to the inputs to the socialist modernization drive, will be able to promote the rural economy and social development, regional development, for building a moderately prosperous society to inject new vitality.

2, building a harmonious and stable society.

Achieve social harmony, safeguard social stability and building a better society, humankind has always been a social ideal.
 

Comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, building a socialist harmonious society, we must adhere to the people-oriented, always put the people's fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the party and the country as a fundamental starting point and goal of economic development on the basis of continuously meet the people's growing material and cultural needs, and promote the comprehensive development, we must ensure that people live and work, to ensure social and political stability and the stability of the state, however, China's urban and rural social disparities, regional disparities, inequitable distribution of disharmony and other increasingly prominent, is the current left-behind children are an important incentive, is an important manifestation of discordant elements, therefore, concerned about children left behind, to further enrich and develop the theory of building a socialist harmonious society, in order to comprehensively implement the scientific concept of development, to achieve a comprehensive well-off society to provide an important guarantee reform and opening up three decades, significantly enhance the economic strength of our country, a major breakthrough in reform and opening up, people's living standards improved significantly, to further improve the democratic and legal construction, cultural construction and create a new situation and social construction in full swing, national defense and army building made historic achievement, etc. However, we look forward to working with the people there is not a small gap, advancing still faces many difficulties and problems, employment, social security, income distribution, education, health, housing, safety, justice and social security and other aspects of the vital interests of the masses is still a lot of questions.#p#分頁標(biāo)題#e#
 

Therefore, we should pay great attention to these problems and continue our efforts to solve, especially as China's industrialization and urbanization progresses, vigorously develop the service industry across the country, the majority of rural surplus labor force employment of migrant workers have to form a another round of flood of migrant workers in the labor force by the large number of rural to urban areas at the same time, there have been formed due to institutional reasons such phenomena rural children left behind in building a socialist harmonious society today, children left behind has become a 'building society doctrine harmonious society, 'the construction of an important content can solve the growth and development of children left behind some of the problems faced, to a certain extent, affect the overall healthy growth of children, affecting the overall improvement of the quality of children, related to the social harmony and stability.
 

3, to promote the development of the socialist market economy.

Solve the problem of children left behind, is to solve the new era of the 'three rural' issue. 'Three rural' issue resolved is directly related to the development of the socialist market economy a long time, agriculture, rural areas and farmers has been a socialist key issues of market economy, but also the relationship between the party and the country overall fundamental problem is not a solid foundation of agriculture and agricultural accumulation and support, there can be self-sustaining national and industrial development, the party and the country's third generation of central collective leadership with Jiang Zemin at the core, said: 'There is no rural stability and progress, it is impossible to have a whole social stability and progress, there is no well-off farmers can not have a well-off people across the country.' rural children left behind problems arise actually 'three rural'
 

One manifestation of the problem. Has its roots in the fundamental tension between people and land conditions and urban-rural dual structure of the basic institutional contradictions, these two contradictory for a long period of time can not be reconciled. To solve the problem of children left behind, will not happen overnight, It is not a department, but the whole society thing. when 'three rural' issue basically solved this problem would be relatively solved.
 

In short, the left-behind children's healthy development, related to the future of the motherland, related to the ten million families hope, related to the vital interests of many farmers.